tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-315086542024-02-20T23:36:41.698-08:00Aquarium MedicationsCarlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08990418413388950446noreply@blogger.comBlogger12125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31508654.post-67325089210419541912018-12-10T14:20:00.001-08:002019-01-16T13:36:41.920-08:00Chloroquine Phosphate, Quinine Hydrochloride-Sulfate for Aquarium<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.aquarium-medications.com/2018/12/chloroquine-phosphate-quinine.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone></p>
<p><center><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#marex" title="Chloroquine Phosphate, AAP Marex" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw09ZCvMdRWOHCBcH6xjb5ID_XhUB6OxuHjb130VkMuPSnDrN3DA5kAlaKUno5kMUAoJyInKJzkMBpw6xtY2-tSbY66zGppm5adutsLNnQNBsYw7IA-auQZtNpcK50A4SWDSxMkw/s450/marex.jpg" alt="Chloroquine Phosphate, AAP Marex"></a></center><br />
Chloroquine Phosphate, Quinine Hydrochloride, & Quinine Sulfate are anti-malarial drugs that are also often very effective for single cell ecto-parasites in fish, especially Cryptocaryon, Oodinium, Brooklynella, and occasionally Ichthyophthirius Multifilis and flukes in freshwater</p>
<p>Quinine drugs work by causing a pH elevation in intracellular organelles of parasites, this is thought to disrupt the intracellular transport of membrane components and macromolecules, and phospholipase activity leading to cellular failure of these parasites.</p>
<p>Chloroquine was developed from Methylene Blue (also used starting in 1891 as an anti-malarial drug) & Quinine Sulfate in 1934. The formula of Chloroquine & Methylene Blue is also similar (MB: C16H18ClN3S / Chloroquine: C18H26ClN3).</p>
<p>In marine aquariums, Chloroquine Phosphate is generally the better choice over Quinine Sulfate. Chloroquine Phosphate is more effective from my experience (but also more easily and fatally overdosed).
When combined in a synergistic combination with Pyrimethamine, as in the product "AAP Marex", it is even more effective for treatment of Oodinium as well as other Ectoparasites and Flukes (Pyrimethamine is generally used to treat serious parasite infections [toxoplasmosis] of the body).</p>
<p>Chloroquine Phospate is a drug that degrades quickly in water and must be pure to be effective, with most aquatic sources are not 99% pure.<br />
With this in mind be mindful of the discount aquarium product seller placebo product "New Life Spectrum's Ick Shield Pellets", even assuming properly soaked with pharmaceutical grade 99% pure Chloroquine Phosphate (which is doubtful), this product simply cannot work because Chloroquine Phosphate has only been proven to successfully target the free swimming stage of EXTERNAL parasites. Which is why you must dose the powder in a hospital tank. There is no proof it is effective on trophonts feeding on the fish. Even if food soaking were somehow effective on preventing trophonts from attaching, you'd have to be sure each & every one of your fish ate it for 72 consecutive days.<br />
Bottom line, AVOID this product.</p>
<p>The above referenced from this article:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumMedication2.html#quinine" target="_blank"><b>Aquarium Medications Part Two; Quinine</b></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#marex" target="_blank" title="AAP Marex"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw09ZCvMdRWOHCBcH6xjb5ID_XhUB6OxuHjb130VkMuPSnDrN3DA5kAlaKUno5kMUAoJyInKJzkMBpw6xtY2-tSbY66zGppm5adutsLNnQNBsYw7IA-auQZtNpcK50A4SWDSxMkw/s190/marex.jpg" align="right" alt="Marex"></a> This combination found in AAP Marex works more quickly than chemical treatments such as copper since it immediately acts on the parasite, including in gill filaments, which copper and many other chemical treatments only act on free swimming stages of many Ectoparasites. <br>
This synergistic Chloroquine Phosphate/Pyrimethamine combination is the fastest acting treatment I have ever used for Oodinium, although I have often found a follow up treatment with Copper or keeping the main aquarium without fish for 4 weeks will improve long term results (as copper seems to have more long term permanent killing power).<br>
This combination of Chloroquine Phosphate/Pyrimethamine is also an excellent treatment for gill flukes in freshwater and can generally be safely combined with Praziquantel for severe cases.</p>
<p>Further Reading: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Oodinium.html" target="_blank">Marine Oodinium Disease | Brooklynella & Amyloodinium Ocellatum</a></p><br>
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<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#super-ich" target="_blank" title="Malachite Green & Quinine Hydrochloride for treatment of fish Ich, Ick"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy6a3-omGHOrLvuLl5RmcRnWV0pwIwQ_J6Pfw5XE5MrPQrr-meX9gaTiZV_TxgnkRXzZzbxs8lIvOnFoLNR5pVTkZ9a8AsPq9LYqsl6TI2pzmsnKDcK5yRouSY5KV6W5NU7kH6kQ/s190/Super+Ich+Plus.jpg" align="right" alt="Malachite Green & Quinine Hydrochloride for treatment of fish Ich"></a><br />
Quinine Sulfate/Hydrochloride is useful for resistant strains of Ich (especially on scale less fish), as well as Protozoan caused sliminess of the skin and Rams disease (symptoms of whirling disease).<br/>
Also useful for resistant strains of Hexamita when combined with Metronidazole.<br />
When Quinine Hydrochloride is combined with Malachite Green, this is one of the most effective and proven Ich and similar single cell ectoparasite treatments available! AAP Super Ich Plus is one such product that combines both and is the Ich treatment of choice for difficult cases of Ich (although for sensitive fish such as Cory Cats & Loaches this product/combination should be used at half dose and combined with Triple Sulfa).</p>
<p><b>DOSAGE :</b> 250 mg per 10 gallons of water. Once a day for 4-5 days. Do a 25% water change before each treatment.
Quinine Hydrochloride is generally safer than Quinine Sulfate more effective when available.</p>
<p><i><b>Quinine/Chloroquine is found in (Recommended place to purchase to support this free information & the professional aquarium keeping hobby)</b>:</p>
<p>*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#super-ich" target="_blank">AAP Super Ich Plus (Malachite Green & Quinine Hydrochloride)</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#greenex" target="_blank">AAP Greenex (Marine version of Super Ich Plus)</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#marex" target="_blank">AAP Marex</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#polyguard" target="_blank">AAP PolyGuard (as quinacrine)</a></i></p><br /><br />
<p><font size="3">Suggested other aquarium information resources & products:</font></p>
<p><a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2016/09/how-to-treat-sick-fish.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE628hSYCyfIPHyY_ZarTpo_v70uvKffgdcB4dbORqdUyuwyz4_vnHn24FSx5NfGrI37KS-04JrkIISM6NkOg9iL5UPUDmIoER1XQ-VY8rHGtmjJs6Qzw7kM7Tu3PX9g7FKmZo/s150/Sick+Fish+Cartoon.jpg" alt="Fish Diseases, How to Treat Sick Fish"><br><b>Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish</b></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh03xYHjkZ3VXH2W80jm2RziNufZ3r7Yz1JAasVWGBwH4SHN8dL46eO6Ni_oBQwa5Vu7PYpBZLr9yialn8QxGFF0EdtOWgHkNnCOxsZq3NWOioLtdHAYcuQbLAaQkPo3mZ6CQOcVQ/s125/compacthbulbdisplay2tn.jpg" align="left" alt="Aquarium Medications, Use of replacement UV Bulbs for disease prevention"><br/><b>Replacement Aquarium/Pond UV Bulbs</b></a><br />
Replacement of your UV Sterilizer's UV Bulb/Lamp every six months with a true level 1 capable bulb is a MUST for optimum disease prevention and aid in Redox balance.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/MedicatedWonderShell.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf0A0EibZjBL_MzMsCqkcXAQe-rVzfP8Yvr_Xgq6xI1_jMeGLvpLHWnCl3nV9euOqg8L4WSRHL1A_y0e-b0l56NaFAv-rDzcTPxSZXOhZ57bfJzkaN9Z64k0W55RY_N95QKDZP9g/s190/Wonder+Shell+Aquarium.jpg" alt="Wonder Shell"><br><b>AAP Wonder Shells</b></a><br>
<i>The ONLY Authorized online seller of the full line of this unique product. Only FRESH product, not clearance product!!</i></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/SpongeFilter.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaJ8QF-VSreEDZ6bm8PRF2QKE4A8pgIYc27nUNwt8dSxBikYr1IpublgyfnMe_duQg3IoQKpqWMuts4Q1vl3rm_onDAb1AR0hFx-7RoXr7uuFDPAOMWRjYKrNrPxGeFuZ0dhqM/s180/hydrospongedisplaytn.jpg" hspace="5" align="left" alt="Hydro Sponge Filter"><br /><br /><b>AAP Hydro Sponge Filters</b></a><br /><br />
<i>THE PREMIUM Aquarium Sponge Filter with as much as 5 TIMES the bio and mechanical capacity of commonly sold Chinese knock offs!!<br />
Definitely worth the extra $1-3</i></p><br /><br /><br /><br />Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31508654.post-39859567867864678912017-10-31T08:03:00.002-07:002019-01-16T13:38:24.152-08:00Aquarium Fish Merbromin External Columnaris-Bacterial Treatment<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.aquarium-medications.com/2017/10/aquarium-fish-merbromin-external.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone></p>
<b>MERBROMIN OVERVIEW:</b><br /><br />
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#wound" target="_blank" title="Merbromin from AAP"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijLT47GRUEfAdLpuW4Ea6tJK4tm901NQ2ZazJUiasL678u9Hnd5BWjIgc8PXvsv-gjRhmtTKaAtqkfxt-QZV7TmNF-DnfrzpTkAe2MC1cyMd9r9flXrgqb1G3UUh0zvnkjwtMq9A/s190/woundcontrol.jpg" alt="AAP Merbromin for Aquarium, Pond Fish Wound treatment, Columnaris" align="left" hspace="5"></a>
Merbromin is a lessor known product to many newbies in the hobby due to difficulty in obtaining, but to those who have been in the industry and hobby for a long time its benefits are well known.<br/>
In fact this is a product NO SERIOUS AQUARIUM KEEPER SHOULD BE WITHOUT, especially when one considers its low costs and benefits</p>
<p>Merbromin (AKA Mercurochrome) is a topical antiseptic often used for minor cuts and scrapes in people. Merbromin is an organomercuric disodium salt compound and a fluorescein. <br/>
It is useful on external infections because of its permanence, and lethality to bacteria, in particular Columnaris.</p>
Part of the difficulty of obtaining this product was concerns over its mercury content, however due to the low cost versus high costs of producing studies to disprove these allegations (which were never proven), most production has stopped for human use.</p>
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyKcjS-GwP1UDg0fTOHCQOqx82iAsr1NUCrJlwjKr4-tnjxNuLeGDBgvmS9NUUG5L2qWUyjq970CpAI7UT2fGH8Z9eWQpIGFYLdADORPQV6fIlYmdZWTQKvkxcjQU32MyydLAv-Q/s1000/Merbromin-Columnaris.jpg" target="_blank" title="External Columnaris treatment using Merbromin from American Aquarium"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyKcjS-GwP1UDg0fTOHCQOqx82iAsr1NUCrJlwjKr4-tnjxNuLeGDBgvmS9NUUG5L2qWUyjq970CpAI7UT2fGH8Z9eWQpIGFYLdADORPQV6fIlYmdZWTQKvkxcjQU32MyydLAv-Q/s320/Merbromin-Columnaris.jpg" alt="External Columnaris treatment using Merbromin from American Aquarium"></a></p>
<p>HERE IS FURTHER INFORMATION (Courtesy American Aquarium):<br/>
<ul><li>AAP/Aquatronics Wound Control/Merbromin is a swab or paint-on disinfectant with PVP emulsifier for: wounds, scrapes, and abrasions as well as opportunistic bacterial infections that often result from these problems.</li><br/>
<li>A topical antiseptic and oxidizer used for injuries, exposed wounds & open sores (with both bacterial and fungal infections), and exposed multi cell parasites such as Anchor Worm.<br />
Due to its anionic character, it is often an excellent choice for exposed EXTERNAL bacterial or fungal pathogens (including some parasites or at least secondary infections there of). However for this same reason if much living tissue is exposed or for gills, Methylene Blue would be a better choice.</li><br />
<li>A scrape against rocks or a bite on the scales can result in a serious infection. The simple process of catching the fish and painting the affected area will often prevent more serious problems or aid in an in tank or hospital tank treatment with antibiotics for more serious infections. <br />
Wound Control should also be used after any operation such as extraction of visible parasites.</li><br/>
<li>All Fish safe assuming the fish can be safely handled without causing further injury.</li><br/>
<li><b>USE:</b><br />
Net the fish. Gently use the net or hand to hold the fish in place (applying Req-Q, StressGuard or similar to your hand or net prior to application may be helpful). Apply Wound Control through the net or use a cotton swab to apply directly on the area.<br/>
Place the fish in a hospital tank or quarantine box if possible & treat in tank if needed (Consider following the application of Wound Control with a Medicated Fish bath too). In a calm protected area the fish heal faster and less fish stress will occur when catching the fish.</li></ul>
<p>RESOURCE: <br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#wound" target="_blank"><b>AAP Merbromin</b></a></p>
<p>Further Reading:<br />
<ul><li><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Columnaris.html" target="_blank">Columnaris in Fish</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumMedication3.html" target="_blank">Aquarium Medications Part 3</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merbromin" target="_blank">Wikipedia; Merbromin</a></ul></p><br/>
<p><font size="3">Suggested other aquarium information resources & products:</font></p>
<p><a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2016/09/how-to-treat-sick-fish.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE628hSYCyfIPHyY_ZarTpo_v70uvKffgdcB4dbORqdUyuwyz4_vnHn24FSx5NfGrI37KS-04JrkIISM6NkOg9iL5UPUDmIoER1XQ-VY8rHGtmjJs6Qzw7kM7Tu3PX9g7FKmZo/s150/Sick+Fish+Cartoon.jpg" alt="Fish Diseases, How to Treat Sick Fish"><br><b>Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish</b></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Basic_Aquarium_Principles.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSpH1z20kKSIkLClJAnTft1IGdD0FoKTxo9cSmG7YjmLbbUdP0mJkUiO5TaiSLXjMD5i1h-p3C5XPGph4x385G5sivFYCWES7nwd_kSb9gtV4CCCA5K8q-OKL8y4dIse7ke1TQ/s320/freshwaterbasicstn2.jpg" alt="Freshwater Aquarium Care"><br />Freshwater Aquarium Care</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh03xYHjkZ3VXH2W80jm2RziNufZ3r7Yz1JAasVWGBwH4SHN8dL46eO6Ni_oBQwa5Vu7PYpBZLr9yialn8QxGFF0EdtOWgHkNnCOxsZq3NWOioLtdHAYcuQbLAaQkPo3mZ6CQOcVQ/s125/compacthbulbdisplay2tn.jpg" align="left" alt="Aquarium Medications, Use of replacement UV Bulbs for disease prevention"><br/><b>Replacement Aquarium/Pond UV Bulbs</b></a><br />
Replacement of your UV Sterilizer's UV Bulb/Lamp every six months with a true level 1 capable bulb is a MUST for optimum disease prevention and aid in Redox balance.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8JM60KCv789CAlfgIa2qdmOF4PYskWZL4AZ4mR5E1hRmQ1cWrMyNBDK-okEdfiZkpH1WOJylfRJJa7jxp26j-bO10nR-3WGqX8rNjDtu8pNC6P2C5sfwiKwDIX_P_JomfRC9QUg/s400/uvsterilizationbanner.jpg" alt="Aquarium UV Sterilization, sterilizer use, heater information"><br /><b>Aquarium/Pond UV Sterilizer Use</b></a><br />
<i>This article covers many aspects of Aquarium & Pond UV Sterilization from how, why, facts, myths, and maintenance including the importance of changing UV Bulbs regularly</i>.</p>
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<br />Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31508654.post-4894461023554346202014-12-06T17:16:00.001-08:002019-05-06T09:16:17.213-07:00Oregon Grape, Berberine for Aquarium Fish Treatment<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.aquarium-medications.com/2014/12/oregon-grape-berberine-for-aquarium.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
<b>OVERVIEW:</b><br /><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVNVY9xXmUW91LEh2vL9ny9Dl6MeJa1sJdZl4A93292opwPFx3FtuKkXykHx5zn-tNYT_NFRcWsmtc32m96m6R6vACGiDbqZ3R-2szqxRhxBgSNUXZ_Y5GD_ryFjgsMKhBhACFBw/s1600/Oregon+Grape+Plant.jpg" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVNVY9xXmUW91LEh2vL9ny9Dl6MeJa1sJdZl4A93292opwPFx3FtuKkXykHx5zn-tNYT_NFRcWsmtc32m96m6R6vACGiDbqZ3R-2szqxRhxBgSNUXZ_Y5GD_ryFjgsMKhBhACFBw/s280/Oregon+Grape+Plant.jpg" alt="Oregon Grape Root Plant for Aquarium Fish Medication" align="left" hspace="5"></a>Berberine is a plant based alkaloid that has been used medicinally for a long time in both Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. <br />
The Berberine alkaloid is present many plants including: Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal), Coptis chinensis (Coptis or goldenthread), Berberis vulgaris (barberry), Berberis aristata (tree turmeric), and most notably Berberis aquifolium (Oregon grape).<br /><br />
The berberine alkaloid is generally found in the roots, rhizomes, and stem bark of the plants.<br />
Berberine extracts and extractions via boiling of dissolved chemicals in the plant roots have demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against a variety of organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, helminths, and chlamydia. <br /><br />
Currently, the predominant clinical uses of berberine in human use includes bacterial (especially of the gut) diarrhea, intestinal parasite infections, and ocular trachoma infections.<br />
Oregon grape root has synergistic antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and bile-stimulating properties as well.<br /><br />
<i>The picture above shows an Oregon Grape Root Plant along with the rhizomous roots with their brilliant yellow pigment in the inner bark shown in the inset.</i></p>
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<p><b>AQUARIUM USE IMPLICATIONS:</b><br /><br />
Aquarium or pond use of Oregon Grape Root is still in its infancy as of writing this article, however based on human use, and how this this product works, there is clearly a lot of promise as both a treatment of its own and as a back up to other treatment in wide ranging problems from Columnaris to internal parasites of fish.<br /><br />
Oregon Grape Root has potential to aid in antibiotic effectiveness in treatment of difficult to treat diseases such as Columnaris as it contains a specific multi drug resistance pump inhibitor (MDR Inhibitor).<br /><br />
Resistant bacteria work by utilizing a pumping mechanism in its cell that when antibiotics enter that cell the pump immediately pumps out the antibiotics so it can have no effect on the MRSA cell. Oregon Grape Root works by blocking the bacteria's ability to pump out antibiotics.<br />
Quoted Reference: <a href="#aap">[1]</a><br /><br />
Here is a list of Potential Treatments using Powdered Oregon Grape Root:<br />
<ul><li>Eye infections</li>
<li>External wounds</li>
<li>Mouth infections</li>
<li>Inflammation</li>
<li>Intestinal Parasites</li>
<li>Digestive issues, including Dropsy</li></ul><br />
<b>Use;</b>
<a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwEXLupcLl9QsO7pz5QtB_aTfT85JHZ5IQnMkdKJZfkz2fAe__FpNrS83SI03Bl_Kq5wMXp5YKRvsBUigtKm-QuPoIR-YgCcgnnz7g18lPVFZ7PS_Nq-zMPGECrNufrpIfFmIqGQ/s320/Solaray+Oregon+Grape.JPG" align="left" hspace="5" alt="Solaray Oregon Grape Root Capsules"></a>Do NOT use tinctures, rather powdered forms that are generally available in capsule form, although concentration can vary greatly (I recommend Solaray brand from Nutraceutical, but I have not tried evert brand either).<br /><br />
Current and experimental use is opening a 400 mg Oregon Grape Root Capsule into 10 gallons of water along with the antibiotics such as Nitrofurazone and Kanamycin. This can be added to the aquarium or a fish bath that also employs Methylene Blue and possibly other antibiotics (20-30 minutes in a fish bath).<br />
Use in conjunction with other medications is suggested in most moderate to serious infections or internal worm infestations.<br /><br />
<b>References:</b><br />
<a name="aap"></a><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumMedication4.html#oregon_grape" target="_blank">Organic Aquarium Medications; Oregon Grape Root</a><br /><br />
<a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2007/03/trematodes-and-nematodes-in-fish.html#treatment2" target="_blank">Aquarium, Fish Parasites, Worms; Treatment of Internal Nematodes</a><br /><br />
<a href="http://wildfoodsandmedicines.com/oregon-grape/" target="_blank">Oregon Grape; Wild Medicines</a><br /><br />
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12919112" target="_blank">From medical herbalism to phytotherapy in dermatology: back to the future</a><br /><br />
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10767672" target="_blank">hBerberine</a><br /><br />
I personally have had the best results from the Solaray brand of Grape Root capsules, likely do to purity of the powdered grape root in the capsules<br /><br />
<b>Product Resource:</b><br />
<a href="https://www.vitacost.com/solaray-oregon-grape-root" target="_blank">Solaray Oregon Grape Root</a></p>
<p><font size="3">Suggested other aquarium information resources & products:</font></p>
<p><a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2016/09/how-to-treat-sick-fish.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE628hSYCyfIPHyY_ZarTpo_v70uvKffgdcB4dbORqdUyuwyz4_vnHn24FSx5NfGrI37KS-04JrkIISM6NkOg9iL5UPUDmIoER1XQ-VY8rHGtmjJs6Qzw7kM7Tu3PX9g7FKmZo/s150/Sick+Fish+Cartoon.jpg" alt="Fish Diseases, How to Treat Sick Fish"><br><b>Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish</b></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh03xYHjkZ3VXH2W80jm2RziNufZ3r7Yz1JAasVWGBwH4SHN8dL46eO6Ni_oBQwa5Vu7PYpBZLr9yialn8QxGFF0EdtOWgHkNnCOxsZq3NWOioLtdHAYcuQbLAaQkPo3mZ6CQOcVQ/s125/compacthbulbdisplay2tn.jpg" align="left" alt="Aquarium Medications, Use of replacement UV Bulbs for disease prevention"><br/><b>Replacement Aquarium/Pond UV Bulbs</b></a><br />
Replacement of your UV Sterilizer's UV Bulb/Lamp every six months with a true level 1 capable bulb is a MUST for optimum disease prevention and aid in Redox balance.<br /><br />
<a href="https://aquariumopinions.com/2013/08/27/purchasing-aquarium-pond-equipment-via-amazon/" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://aquariumopinions.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/amazon-logo-2-tiny.jpg?w=530" align="left" alt="Aquarium Medications, do not purchase at Amazon"><br /><b>Purchasing Aquarium & Pond Equipment via Amazon</b></a><br /><br />
<a href="https://aquariumopinions.com/2015/01/11/amazon-reviews-for-aquariums/" target="_blank"><b>Amazon Reviews for Aquarium Products</b></a></p>
<p><a href="https://aquariumopinions.com/2014/03/25/aquarium-forums-for-information-such-as-led-lighting-uv-filters-more/" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://aquariumopinions.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/aquarium-forums.jpg?w=530" align="left" alt="Aquarium Medications, beware of aquarium forums for information"><br /><b>Aquarium Forums for Information such as LED Lighting, UV, Filters, more</b></a></p><br />Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31508654.post-21040830753479831682014-02-12T15:17:00.001-08:002019-02-28T14:28:19.376-08:00Aquarium Copper Facts and Use; Cupramine, Copper-Safe, Testing<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.aquarium-medications.com/2014/02/aquarium-copper-facts-and-use.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone><br /><br />
Revised: 1/16/19</p>
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb23yFYEZQ5GcNE0bEOr9IN9EqQCTyhUZQqlGH4G2F0JfxO8RMezzvfFn5Sp0sk3MnjMyVyYuoQ-IZsf_heS1psTtbhJMdMQoClhZze9GSJazs623UUw7M7RgggTSKG16vQNNhAA/s1600/copper.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb23yFYEZQ5GcNE0bEOr9IN9EqQCTyhUZQqlGH4G2F0JfxO8RMezzvfFn5Sp0sk3MnjMyVyYuoQ-IZsf_heS1psTtbhJMdMQoClhZze9GSJazs623UUw7M7RgggTSKG16vQNNhAA/s320/copper.jpg" alt="Copper Aquarium Treatment"></a><br /><br />
<b>Overview:</b><br />
Copper has long time been used for treatment of aquarium algae, fish parasites, and snail eradication. This includes external treatment of freshwater and marine Ich, Oodinium, and fungus. It is has been said on popular aquatic sites, that people are attracted to using Copper as a treatment in the display tank, because it does not discolor the tank, but with using Copper, caution and some understanding does needs to be involved. Improper use can cause harm to the tank. Water chemistry and other environmental factors will determine dosing details of the Copper treatment.<br /><br />
The Copper used for treatments can stay in a tank for close to a month. If there are any live rocks or ornaments in the tank, the Copper will be absorbed into the material and slowly lech it's way back out. There are only certain ways to remove the Copper from the water, which is one reason to use caution. This is something I will go into later in this post.<br /><br />
A certain level of Copper concentration is required for an effective treatment, and is different depending on tank needs. These therapeutic levels can become toxic to other fish species and invertebrates in the tank. This is another reason why caution needs to be used with this treatment. Chronic use of Copper will affect fish health. Higher levels can damage fish gills and other body tissues. It has also been shown that there is a decrease in fish immunity, with chronic use (Yanong2, 2013).<br /><br />
The use of Copper in low pH can become even more toxic, so much more caution needs to be used. Not only is copper more toxic in acidic water, but the acidic water itself can be a problem. In fact, when the pH is below 6.4, the helpful, nitrifying bacteria in your aquarium begin to stop functioning.<br /><br />
Here are some caution Copper levels to be aware of:<br />
<ul><li>Dangerous level of copper for shrimps is 0.03 mg per litre.</li>
<li>Dangerous level of copper for algae and bacteria is 0.08 mg per litre.</li>
<li>Dangerous level of copper for some fish, snails and plants is 0.10 mg per litre.</li></ul>(aquariumwiki,2014)<br /><br />
Copper will need to be maintained at least at 0.12-0.18 mg/L and for a therapeutic level and for no less than 14 days(Blasiola,2000,p.146).<br /><br />
Here are some therapeutic levels that will help:<br />
<ul><li>.15-.20 ppm for Oodinium/Brooklynella (most freshwater applications)</li>
<li>.20-.25 ppm for Crytocaryon</ul></li><br />
A note for marine tanks, the amount of copper you will need to add for treatment, will be high initially, but then will need to be brought down over subsequent days. Copper will be absorbed into corals and substrate, to the point no more Copper is absorbed. This needs to be taken into account when attempting to maintain a therapeutic level.<br /><br />
This is mainly important for treatment of display tanks, but is <b>not something to worry about for bare hospital tanks</b>.<br /><br />
<b>Note: Copper basically kills parasites by poisoning them more than the fish, so never over dose!</b><br /><br />
Always have a copper test-kit on hand!
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquariumtestkit.html#copper" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNKks0YLioP8a5HMyBZLTSUlWYDVXfIZSZriETAQT9R_hu0JiSOraNNCLgBcdeHw30aac1Z3WT-6neWzeuWoMMmiayKlx_JtnUD1JsvvbwWww_RGtVf9bXNcabNf3mdOnPNG8RWA/s320/Copper+Test.JPG" alt="Copper Test Kit"></a><br /><br />
Do not use with snails and invertebrates. Do not use in reef aquariums and note; when used as an algaecide, the copper is absorbed by the algae then released when it dies.<br /><br />
<b>Basic Copper:</b><br />
Copper is a heavy mental that can be found naturally in many forms. The form of Copper that is typically used in aquarium set-ups Copper Sulfate, or properly known as Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate. The reason this form of Copper is used, is when it is placed in water it dissolves and attaches to the most water molecules. During this process, Copper Sulfate splits into Copper (Cu2+) separately and Sulfate, along with water. It is strictly the Copper (Cu2+) that is measured and used to combat a number of issues within the tank. Like stated before, maintaining proper levels of Copper Sulfate can be difficult because of other components in the tank, such as Carbonates, which are part of Dolomite, which when dissolved can become complex and remove the Copper. Also, other living organisms can bind to the element, which effects levels.<br /><br />
There is also Chelated Copper, which is a compound added to Copper Sulfate. These agents help keep Copper in a solution by forming a ring structured Copper. These complexes become stable in a different form and more of a complex form of treatment. For the most part, most aquarium keepers use Copper Sulfate rather than Chelated Copper, because of the strength and the difference in effort to remove the treatment from the tank. The use of Chelated Copper is advised only in hospital tanks.<br /><br />
Because Copper can be difficult to dose, after figuring out the amount needed for your tank and needs, start the dosing amount at half the amount! This is best done by mixing the Copper Sulfate with some distilled water. In marine tanks, add half of the mixed solution to the sump and the other half to the tank, so to miss all of the "hot spots" in the tank. Make sure not to add high amounts of Copper to the sump as it can damage the biofilter by killing beneficial bacteria. After the Copper has been in the water cycle long enough and has equally distributed, then measure the Copper levels. Add more Copper, allow it to mix and re-measure until the concentration levels are met.<br /><br />
Often, due to binding (adsorption) of Copper to components of the system, more Copper than the amount calculated initially will be needed to reach the appropriate concentration. Copper measurements should be taken twice a day, with more copper added if necessary. As discussed previously, treatment may last 3–4 weeks or more, depending upon the target organism and specific situation. </p>
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<p><b>Treatment:</b><br />
Treat based on what solution you are using, but try to bring your Copper level to .15 -.20 ppm for Oodinium/Brooklynella (and most freshwater applications) and .20- .25 ppm for Crytocaryon. Please revisit the therapeutic levels I stated above. Generally, it is easier to maintain these levels, while not having to do repeat testing and follow-up dosing, while using Chelated Copper, but please remember the use of a hospital tank.
When treating a tank, make sure all materials and filtration component (ie. carbon) are removed. If necessary, high organic bioloads or detritus should be removed. Baseline water parameters should be check prior to treatment. This includes, ammonia, nitrite, pH, temperature, alkalinity, and salinity. Gradually dose to the therapeutic level over a 2-3 day span. This allows time for the fish to increase internal and physiological mechanisms to protect their bodies against the toxicity.<br /><br />
<b>Contraindications:</b><br />
<ul><li>Wait 2-4 hours to add after use of any water Redox reducing water conditioners. This will include SeaChem Prime, Kordon Novaqua, Kordon Amquel, Jungle Start Right, API Stress Coat, etc.</li>
<li>Use in aquarium systems that have an established healthy bio filter.</li>
<li>Do not mix with Sulfa based treatments/medications.</ul></li><br />
<b>Removal:</b><br />
High quality active Carbon will do the trick for removing Copper. You can place a separate filtration unit containing fresh, activated charcoal at the rate of 170 grams per 57 liters of water (about 0.375 lbs per 15 gallons) on a system to remove Copper. Once all the water has cycled through the carbon, test for free copper concentration. If Chelated Copper has been used, water changes will be necessary. Dolomite may also be used, if it is removed afterward. If tests continue to show a high free Copper concentration, a complete water change may still be required to remove copper from the water. Copper levels should be monitored throughout this process and for several weeks afterward, in case Copper that was previously bound to substrate or complexed in solution, is released as free copper.</p>
<p><b>WHERE TO PURCHASE:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/FritzMardelKordon.html#copper" target="_blank">Copper Safe Chelated Copper</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#cupramine" target="_blank">Cupramine; Buffered Ionic Copper</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/MedicatedWonderShell.html" target="_blank">AAP Medicated Wonder Shells</a></li></ul><br />
VIDEO<br>
<p><a href="https://youtu.be/dDwTw8W7SKE" target="_blank" title="Best Aquarium & Pond Medications"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-WMjPcA7HYdV69yQJ1ATLukF0GdmFAnIB61A97jupoj4BfTy38UR45mKr6pJlmEzX91vZQDxQKTmlqaCnKenddQTQBnt9mMY4J59S0h9nD_HbPxWEVhx6nSLvDbaO3-FnCSSn/s320/AAP+Pro+Medications+Video.JPG" alt="Best Aquarium & Pond Medications" /><br/><b>AAP Professional Aquarium & Pond Medications</b></a><br>
<i>THE BEST AQUARIUM TREATMENTS ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD! Fresh Product found EXCLUSIVELY at AAP</i></p>
<b>References:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_Medication.html" target="_blank">Aquarium Medications Part 1, How to Use</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/aquariummedication3.html#copper_sulfate" target="_blank">Aquarium Medications Part 3, Chemical; Copper</a></li>
<li><a href="https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fa165" target="_blank">Use of Copper in Marine Aquaculture and Aquarium Systems</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.theaquariumwiki.com/Copper" target="_blank">The Aquarium Wiki; Copper</a></li>
<li><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lS6jXyKumsUC&pg=PA146&lpg=PA146&dq=aquarium+copper&source=bl&ots=SC8DM3b1I5&sig=LMAijgrT_UKKNRuz4Fy2Z4u5Jeg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=L9XyUsXgEM_toASpwILYAQ&ved=0CG4Q6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=aquarium%20copper&f=false" target="_blank">The Saltwater Aquarium Handbook, By George C. Blasiola; Copper</a></li></ul></p><br />
<p><font size="3">Suggested other aquarium information resources & products:</font></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#spectrogram" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQh3e8sRJMEWG-rG08adrxj-jVk2niVMc94euIug9AtUZmMOW-bP-jyd5JlVg4q63EGiJE-mTcTtBVTFIvWNX6BAw0peEbf3QvMTbAGAiW5bxf2YzF-p4sndROrMOUwTvwOqhyUg/s150/spectrogram-TN.jpg" align="left" hspace="5" alt="AAP Spectrogram Fish Columnaris Treatment"><br/><b>AAP Spectrogram</b></a><br />
THERE IS NO MORE EFFECTIVE treatment for Fish Columnaris!!</p><br/><br /><br />
<p><a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2016/09/how-to-treat-sick-fish.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE628hSYCyfIPHyY_ZarTpo_v70uvKffgdcB4dbORqdUyuwyz4_vnHn24FSx5NfGrI37KS-04JrkIISM6NkOg9iL5UPUDmIoER1XQ-VY8rHGtmjJs6Qzw7kM7Tu3PX9g7FKmZo/s150/Sick+Fish+Cartoon.jpg" alt="Fish Diseases, How to Treat Sick Fish"><br><b>Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish</b></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/SpongeFilter.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaJ8QF-VSreEDZ6bm8PRF2QKE4A8pgIYc27nUNwt8dSxBikYr1IpublgyfnMe_duQg3IoQKpqWMuts4Q1vl3rm_onDAb1AR0hFx-7RoXr7uuFDPAOMWRjYKrNrPxGeFuZ0dhqM/s180/hydrospongedisplaytn.jpg" hspace="5" align="left" alt="Hydro Sponge Filter"><br /><br /><b>AAP Hydro Sponge Filters</b></a><br /><br />
<i>THE PREMIUM Aquarium Sponge Filter with as much as 5 TIMES the bio and mechanical capacity of commonly sold Chinese knock offs!!<br />
Definitely worth the extra $1-3</i></p><br />
Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com18tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31508654.post-72695482816358010692013-06-25T14:24:00.000-07:002019-02-28T14:28:57.936-08:00Praziquantel as an Aquarium Fish Treatment for Worms, etc.<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.aquarium-medications.com/2013/06/praziquantel-as-aquarium-fish-treatment.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TetraJungleHikari.html#prazipro" title="Praziquantel, Prazipro" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4jJc5SvQGlYaGJVlOpETphqyLfsizNyK7LMjk2zxDmgAYVS9cqZRDxqwr0yp4mjye8PQGjSVOBR2hbdIbVImImV9IAMCSiycxlFzbXNGN6CcdTlyc8cpj-O92rPGCqrZcUbLP7A/s320/praziprotn.jpg" align="left" hspace"5" alt="Praziquantel, Prazipro"></a><br />Praziquantel is an anthelmintic (an-thel-MIN-tik) or anti-worm medication.<br /><br />
It aids in preventing worms and treating infections caused by the worm.<br />
Praziquantel treats schistosoma (infection of worm that lives in the bloodstream), liver flukes (infection of worm that lives in or near the liver), and <a href="http://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2007/03/trematodes-and-nematodes-in-fish.html#trematodes">gill fluke</a> (infection of worms that live on the gills).<br />
It also treats skin flukes, flat worm, tape worms, and turbellarians (sub-division of flat worm).<br />
Praziquantel does NOT treat pinworms or roundworms.</p>
<p><a><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGN-tnOphG62Oxy4NbSiHkvvkJ9G13v_jdVR4MScZfgGIP9vl11rwjByOFhlj15burl5NKUK0efedGJQhLYH3HKgkPEnt-gZ-HH_6eXM0t082Gcsupkkrsg4TjhPdDOwCGJr83Rg/s320/Gill+Fluke+3.jpg" alt="Fish Gill Fluke attached to gill filament" align="left" hspace="5"></a><br />
<i>The picture to the left displays a magnified Gill Fluke. The inset shows a a lessor magnification attached to a gill filament.</i><br /><br /><br />
Praziquantel works by causing major spasms to the worm causing them to be paralyzed.<br />
The worm is then destroyed in the intestine of the host or is passed through the body of the host through their stool.<br />
Praziquantel can be used in humans, cats, dogs, fish, and others.<br /><br />
The advantage of Praziquantel is that it's harmless to all species including fish and is not toxic to plants. It also has no negative impact on aquarium filters, while clearing the worms fast and fully, even with fry.<br />
However, Praziquantel is not the strongest for more serious intestinal worms/parasites. For more serious cases the best choice (while still safe) is Pipzine<br />
Resource: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#pipzine" target="_blank">AAP Pipzine</a></p>
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<b>Treatment:</b><br /><br />
For fish use, in tank treatment is the best.<br />
The medication is absorbed directly from the treated water into the fish. <br /><br />
Typically, one treatment is all that is needed to cure the infection. The traditional suggestion for fluke infestation is repeating a single <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquariumtreatments.html" title="Aquarium Treatments">treatment</a> in four or five days after the first treatment is given to kill emerging larvae which may have survived.<br /><br />
There are no known side effects of Praziquatel, but there have been studies to show it can become toxic in high volumes, which are somewhere around 40x to 50x greater than recommended dosing.<br />
<br />
Further recommended use of this medication for fish requires any carbon to be removed from the tank and <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVSterilizers.html" title="Aquarium & Pond UV Sterilizer, Clarifier">UV sterilizers</a> to be disconnected from electrical power (turned off).<br />
This is due to both of these striping the medication out of the tank, making it useless. The medication can also be administered by soaking the fishes food (10-15 mins) in the Praziquatel and then feeding to affected fish. <br /><br />
For more information on food delivery of medications, please see:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_Medication.html#food_delivery" target="_blank" title="Fish Medications Food Delivery"><b>Aquarium Medications</b></a><br /><br />
<b>Sources of Praziquatel:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TetraJungleHikari.html#prazipro" target="_blank">Hikari PraziPro</a></li><br>
<li><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#general" target="_blank">API General Cure</a></li><br>
<li><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TetraJungleHikari.html#parasiteclear" target="_blank">Parasite Guard</a></li></ul><br>
For further information on flukes and worms, please see this excellent article:<br />
<a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2007/03/trematodes-and-nematodes-in-fish.html" target="_blank"><b>Aquarium Answers Parasites Article</b></a><br /><br />
To step up to a higher level of Aquarium/Pond Fish Care, I highly suggest reading this article that provides factual information about the use of UVC Sterilization to prevent fish disease, not only directly but more importantly by improving fish immune response by also improving water parameters such as Redox Balance:<br />
<a href="" title="UV Sterilization"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuaLc3L4d2F15VFugNOwPvZFhF7w6Eqz7h8-JXS69p-BzmvIfzChdej5aqTJysmWLJDu6fwiVV5tN2U9H7GzM0NIKPoQVTHoGqXxFDXPmXiVH0mQJfNQlj0t0ILYmh2hH19FuxwA/s320/UV+Sterilization+Banner.jpg"></a><br /><br />
References:<br />
<ul><li><a href="http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR601147" target="_blank">http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR601147</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.pondcrisis.com/a_praziquantel.html" target="_blank">http://www.pondcrisis.com/a_praziquantel.html</a></li>
<li><a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00926798#page-1" target="_blank">http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00926798#page-1</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.fws.gov/fisheries/aadap/PDF/WAS07%20Drug%20Session/1630%20hr%20A%20Mitchell%2027feb07.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.fws.gov/fisheries/aadap/PDF/WAS07%20Drug%20Session/1630%20hr%20A%20Mitchell%2027feb07.pdf</a></li></ul><br /><br />
VIDEO<br>
<p><a href="https://youtu.be/dDwTw8W7SKE" target="_blank" title="Best Aquarium & Pond Medications"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-WMjPcA7HYdV69yQJ1ATLukF0GdmFAnIB61A97jupoj4BfTy38UR45mKr6pJlmEzX91vZQDxQKTmlqaCnKenddQTQBnt9mMY4J59S0h9nD_HbPxWEVhx6nSLvDbaO3-FnCSSn/s320/AAP+Pro+Medications+Video.JPG" alt="Best Aquarium & Pond Medications" /><br/><b>AAP Professional Aquarium & Pond Medications</b></a><br>
<i>THE BEST AQUARIUM TREATMENTS ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD! Fresh Product found EXCLUSIVELY at AAP</i></p>
<font size="3">Suggested other reading & aquarium products:</font><br /><br />
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#spectrogram" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQh3e8sRJMEWG-rG08adrxj-jVk2niVMc94euIug9AtUZmMOW-bP-jyd5JlVg4q63EGiJE-mTcTtBVTFIvWNX6BAw0peEbf3QvMTbAGAiW5bxf2YzF-p4sndROrMOUwTvwOqhyUg/s150/spectrogram-TN.jpg" align="left" hspace="5" alt="AAP Spectrogram Fish Columnaris Treatment"><br/><b>AAP Spectrogram</b></a><br />
THERE IS NO MORE EFFECTIVE treatment for Fish Columnaris!!</p><br/><br /><br /><br />
<p><a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2016/09/how-to-treat-sick-fish.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE628hSYCyfIPHyY_ZarTpo_v70uvKffgdcB4dbORqdUyuwyz4_vnHn24FSx5NfGrI37KS-04JrkIISM6NkOg9iL5UPUDmIoER1XQ-VY8rHGtmjJs6Qzw7kM7Tu3PX9g7FKmZo/s150/Sick+Fish+Cartoon.jpg" alt="Fish Diseases, How to Treat Sick Fish"><br><b>Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish</b></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/MedicatedWonderShell.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf0A0EibZjBL_MzMsCqkcXAQe-rVzfP8Yvr_Xgq6xI1_jMeGLvpLHWnCl3nV9euOqg8L4WSRHL1A_y0e-b0l56NaFAv-rDzcTPxSZXOhZ57bfJzkaN9Z64k0W55RY_N95QKDZP9g/s190/Wonder+Shell+Aquarium.jpg" alt="Wonder Shell"><br><b>AAP Wonder Shells</b></a><br>
<i>The ONLY Authorized online seller of the full line of this unique product. Only FRESH product, not clearance product!!</i></p>
<p>For PREMIUM Replacement UV Bulbs that are the best low pressure high efficiency bulbs, not the 7-14% poor efficiency bulbs sold on eBay or Amazon for prices lower than it costs to make the better low pressure UV Bulbs:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html"><b>High Efficiency UV Bulbs</b></a></p><br />
<p>For premium USDA food grade certified aquarium silicone sealant:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumSilicone.html" target="_blank"><b>Premium Aquarium Silicone</b></a><br />
Most silicones are not USDA certified, thus you are placing your fish in an environment that may be less safe if you use these lesser silicones sold at most hardware and even pet stores.<br /><br />
Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31508654.post-90444071047424507142012-09-21T17:28:00.001-07:002021-11-27T09:44:54.458-08:00Tetracycline; for Fish in Aquarium or Pond<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.aquarium-medications.com/2012/09/tetracycline-for-fish-in-aquarium-or.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone></p>
<p>Revised 11/27/21</p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#tetracycline" title="Tetracycline Hydrochloride for Aquarium Fish" target="_blank"><img Border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmnz669chCOfOu3hiVxasnxyHfkzd5fOC4j1tvcVJF6QT43e8ifOUj-T9AQj9xrcs8NC3gqLdZtwzZQ5bZqYXY9A5g2VVW5xuCqWTNaycfQpftHrJ3YgPRSZ69nX28ipRGskH8_A/s320/tetracycline-TN.jpg" align ="left" alt="Tetracycline Hydrochloride for Aquarium Fish" hspace="5"></a>Tetracycline Hydrochloride is derived obtained from Streptomyces aureofaciens (and other antibiotics of natural origin) or occasionally synthetically from oxytetracycline.<br /><br />
All antibiotics derived from streptomycetes are generally Gram-positive, although Tetracycline Hydrochloride and other antibiotics derived from streptomycetes can have some gram negative activity as well. Also, Tetracycline Hydrochloride is generally more effective for aerobic bacteria<br />
Because it is primarily gram positive, it is generally a poor choice for Columnaris (Flexibacter). Another related antibiotic is Minocyline which can be effective (but still not a first choice for Columnaris though) and it is often confused with Tetracycline Hydrochloride.</p>
<p><center><a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#fin-body" target="_blank" title="Doxycycline can treat Fin & Tail Rot, Bacterial Gill Disease, Hemorrhagic Septicemia. Open Red Sores, & especially often effective for Body Slime & Cloudy Eyes"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLZI1ocVc-tEqknjmI2MfLH3W5UqxcVTMVw-FfO8u-2Yuf9noOkXV-6Bup22btKzUa5BZGlhqA6N4ElS6zIMklDYX-9XVHZ4LyzPqVRRn1e0Ldrogu1vVZPYMqv3iX3fu8Q3641w/s400/fin%2526bodycurediagnosticchart.jpg" alt="AAP Doxycycline, Fin and Body Cure"></a></center><br>
Really the only possibly effective Tetracycline product for Columnaris is Doxycycline (which really should be the only Tetracycline product you would use in an aquarium.<br>
Resource: <a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#fin-body" target="_blank">AAP Doxycycline (Fin & Body Cure)</a></p>
<p>Please Reference: <a href= "http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Columnaris.html" target="_blank">Columnaris in Aquarium Fish</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn_a4zFYbXSeu9jjKjui19-RQRVPjau0-pJokOiN3JneqINqYmR2RYl7qxMhaqTBD-s0SONpaq30d7IBPiTLL14BTGuvcsyL2t0j3jpFRm7LoYFxN3N-_Ujq1t-QVVjywfZjyc1g/s1600/Tetracycline-Molecule.jpg" target="_blank" title="Tetracycline Molecule"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTdWso9wCkHi3SsZaz44PBSH8O6lwjyd0S5Ws9WlMsoQGDyy4rN8NK32UqzFZnHZUz2b_pGAnhUinIx2hfV084ms3MFV634HLMI7DNYBCjQxEU1qj36hVUNvv96ZDDMzwpoHD4Og/s320/Tetracycline-Molecule-TN.jpg" alt="Tetracycline Molecule" hspace="5" align="left"></a>When absorbed, Tetracycline is widely distributed to the organs and tissues of fish. It is eliminated unchanged primarily via the Kidneys and may accumulate with repeated dosing in fish with impaired renal function such as with many cases of Dropsy (which generally makes Tetracycline a poor choice for Dropsy).<br /><br />
Tetracycline Hydrochloride mode of action is as a protein synthesis inhibitor via an aminoacyl-tRNA binding mechanism to the 30S subunit. Mode of resistance is the loss of cell wall permeability.
Tetracycline is best used in the treatment of bacterial infections that are gram-positive and SOME gram-negative infections in fish and interferes with the production of proteins that the bacteria need to multiply and divide (bacteriostatic). However many bacterial pathogens have developed resistance to Tetracycline Hydrochloride.<br/><br />
<font size="3"><b>Common uses for Tetracycline Hydrochloride in fish include (generally gram positive causes of these symptoms);</b></font><br /><br />
*Streptococcus<br />
*Fin and tail rot (split, ragged and deteriorating fin and/or tail)<br />
*Popeye (protruding eyes, may be cloudy or hazy)<br />
*Gill disease (swollen, discolored gills, gasping for air and a decrease in activity)<br />
*Some secondary infections after treatment of other infections or parasites.<br />
Reference: <a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2009/01/streptococcus-eye-infections.html" target="_blank">Gram Positive Streptococcus in Fish</a><br /><br />
<font size="3"><b>Warnings:</b></font><br /><br />
I do not recommend the use of Tetracycline Hydrochloride for bleeding or ulcers in fish as Tetracycline has been shown to cause anemia in fish (and also humans to a lesser degree, which is the last thing you want to do with a bleeding fish.<br/><br/>
Tetracycline can lower red blood cell count, because of this I would not use with injured fish. Tetracycline becomes dangerous past its expiration date. While most prescription drugs lose potency after their expiration dates, tetracycline can become toxic over time.<br/><br/>
Side effects include: neutropenia (a condition of an abnormally low number of white blood cells), producing a “brown foam” on the surface of the aquarium especially for marine aquariums, and potential destruction of nitrifying bacteria.<br />
s well, Tetracycline Hydrochloride is easily absorbed where calcium is present in larger quantities, which often renders this antibiotic useless in saltwater and high GH (hard water) freshwater aquariums.<br /><br />
The combined use of Tetracycline AND Erythromycin should be avoided (the side effects of these two antibiotics combined will generally negate any benefits obtained when used in combination).<br/><br/>
<font size="3"><b>Summary:</b></font><br /><br />
Tetracycline Hydrochloride can be a useful antibiotic, especially when others fail, however Tetracycline is more useful in warm blooded animals (humans and Veterinary) than in fish. <br /><br />
<font size="3"><b>USAGE:</b></font><br /><br />
<b>Directions</b> from <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#tetracycline" target="_blank" title="">API Tetracycline</a>;
250- 500 mg per 20 gallons of water. Every 48 hours (24 hours for severe issues) with a 25% water change before each treatment. This product will not work in water with a ph above 7.5- NOT FOR MARINE USE! (also not effective in freshwater aquariums with a pH above 7.6)</p>
<p><font size="3"><b>PRODUCTS CONTAINING TETRACYCLINE OR RELATED ANTIBIOTICS:</b></font></p>
<p>*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#tetracycline" target="_blank"><b>API Tetracycline, for purchase from AAP</b></a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#fin-body" target="_blank"><b>API Doxycycline (Fin & Body Cure), from AAP</b></a><br />
<i>Recommended sources to purchase based on extensive aquarium and pond professional experience dating back to 1978.</i></p>
<p><i><b>REFERENCES:</b></i><br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumMedication2.html"><b>Aquarium Medications Part 2</b></a><br /><br />
*<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomyces" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomyces</a><br />
*<a href="http://ratguide.com/meds/antimicrobial_agents/tetracycline_hydrochloride.php" target="_blank">http://ratguide.com/meds/antimicrobial_agents/tetracycline_hydrochloride.php</a></p>
<hr/>
<p><b>Further Suggestions</b>:<br />
Prevention of disease is important, please maintain your water chemistry including KH, GH, pH, Ammonia, Nitrites, and even Redox, as all these parameters play a role in disease prevention.<br /><br />
The use of a UV Sterilizer maintained by changing the UV Bulbs every six months can be helpful in prevention (including Redox).<br />
Product Reference Links:<br />
*For UV Sterilizers:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVSterilizers.html" target="_blank">http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVSterilizers.html</a><br />
*For premium high out put UV Replacement Bulbs:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" target="_blank">http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html</a></p>
<p><font size="3">Suggested other aquarium information resources & products:</font></p>
<p><a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2016/09/how-to-treat-sick-fish.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE628hSYCyfIPHyY_ZarTpo_v70uvKffgdcB4dbORqdUyuwyz4_vnHn24FSx5NfGrI37KS-04JrkIISM6NkOg9iL5UPUDmIoER1XQ-VY8rHGtmjJs6Qzw7kM7Tu3PX9g7FKmZo/s150/Sick+Fish+Cartoon.jpg" alt="Fish Diseases, How to Treat Sick Fish"><br><b>Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish</b></a></p>
For Aquarium Disease Prevention:<br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_Disease.html" target="_blank"><b>Aquarium Disease Prevention</b></a><br /><br />
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8JM60KCv789CAlfgIa2qdmOF4PYskWZL4AZ4mR5E1hRmQ1cWrMyNBDK-okEdfiZkpH1WOJylfRJJa7jxp26j-bO10nR-3WGqX8rNjDtu8pNC6P2C5sfwiKwDIX_P_JomfRC9QUg/s400/uvsterilizationbanner.jpg" alt="Aquarium UV Sterilization, sterilizer use, heater information"><br /><b>Aquarium/Pond UV Sterilizer Use</b></a><br />
<i>This article covers many aspects of Aquarium & Pond UV Sterilization from how, why, facts, myths, and maintenance including the importance of changing UV Bulbs regularly</i>.</p>
<p>*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_Lighting.html"><b>Aquarium Lighting</b></a><br />
The most up to date and researched article on the subject of aquarium light use for fresh or saltwater aquariums.<br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/ReverseOsmosisSystem.html"><b>TMC Premium Reverse Osmosis Water Systems for Aquariums</b></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/SpongeFilter.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaJ8QF-VSreEDZ6bm8PRF2QKE4A8pgIYc27nUNwt8dSxBikYr1IpublgyfnMe_duQg3IoQKpqWMuts4Q1vl3rm_onDAb1AR0hFx-7RoXr7uuFDPAOMWRjYKrNrPxGeFuZ0dhqM/s180/hydrospongedisplaytn.jpg" hspace="5" align="left" alt="Hydro Sponge Filter"><br /><br /><b>AAP Hydro Sponge Filters</b></a><br /><br />
<i>THE PREMIUM Aquarium Sponge Filter with as much as 5 TIMES the bio and mechanical capacity of commonly sold Chinese knock offs!!<br />
Definitely worth the extra $1-3</i></p><br /><br /><br /><br />
Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31508654.post-4634061494760177512012-07-07T10:12:00.000-07:002019-02-28T14:27:28.403-08:00Metronidazole; by SeaChem, API, More<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.aquarium-medications.com/2012/07/metronidazole-by-seachem-api-more.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#metronidazole" title="Metronidazole for aquarium fish"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioGWlTemObO6MTP-ookaKjVG1O7u-G2E2QgsAhl2fsrn2xn-hFOgdFY0YQim5n1_ulCfIdX_holGe3tSwG2wpzyJsDDtkt2x6PhdEdottjni93CMpMUvsjqqDHB07XUByCBQHF2w/s1600/Metronidazole+Blog.jpg" hspace="5" vspace="5" align="left" alt="SeaChem Metroplex, Metronidazole"></a>
Revised 1/16/19</p>
<p>Metronidazole is an antibiotic (for anaerobic bacteria) and anti-protozoal medication used to treat various conditions internally and externally in fish.<br /><br />
As for Anaerobic bacteria, these are bacterium that thrive in environments in which there is little oxygen (anaerobic environments) and can cause disease in such environments as the intestinal tract and liver.<br /><br />
Metronidazole belongs to a class of antibiotics known as nitroimidazoles which work by ceasing the growth of bacteria and protozoa. Metronidazole works by selectively blocking some of the functions within the bacterial cells and some parasites resulting in their death. <br />
Metronidazole is metabolized in the liver (whether a fish or a human).</p>
<p>Metronidazoles primary use is for the treatment of ANAEROBIC gram positive & SOME negative bacteria including those that produce beta-lactamase.<br />
However, it is not effective against aerobic bacterium. This means Metronidazole is a poor choice for suspected bacterial diseases in open heavily oxygenated aquariums/ponds such as Columnaris, while it is an excellent choice for diseases of the low/no oxygen environment of the intestinal tract or other internal suspected bacterial pathogens (generally used ina fish food soak for best results).<br />
Metronidazole may be a good choice for any bacterial disease present in low oxygen, high bio-load aquariums or ponds.<br /><br />
As well Metronidazole is effective for some protozoa. <br />
It was originally found effective for the management of infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis.<br />
For fish applications Metronidazole has been shown to be in particular more effective for internal and external flagellates.<br /><br />
Metronidazole is also sometimes effective for other protozoan parasite infections, especially for Cryptocaryon in marine aquaria as well as Hexamita & Ichthyophthirius.<br /><br />
Metronidazole is often recommended for disease in Cichlids which is often thought to be caused by Hexamita, HOWEVER there is considerable evidence that the cause of "Hole in the Head" is simply the lack of Calcium and even positive calcium ions. This is especially common in aquariums utilizing water softened using sodium chloride or potassium chloride to drive out hard water minerals.<br />
Use of such water should be ceased prior to using Metronidazole and as well, the use of products such as Wonder Shells mineral blocks should also be used first before treating with Metronidazole (or combined).<br />
References:<br />
<a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2008/02/hole-in-head.html" target="_blank">Hole in the Head Disease</a><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/MedicatedWonderShell.html" target="_blank">AAP Wonder Shells; Unique Version</a><br /><br />
Due to Metronidazoles effectiveness against anaerobic bacteria by selectively blocking some of the cell functions of anaerobic bacteria, Metronidazole along with Neomycin is a good choice for bloating of the digestive tract (common in goldfish).<br />
Metronidazole selectively blocks some of the cell functions in anaerobic bacteria, resulting in their demise.<br /><br />
Metronidazole is also effective used in combination (such as with <a href="https://www.aquarium-medications.com/2013/06/praziquantel-as-aquarium-fish-treatment.html" title="Praziquantel as an Aquarium Fish Treatment for Worms, etc">Praziquantel</a>) or by itself for internal parasites such as Nematodes or Trematodes.<br />
In marine aquarium infections is where Metronidazole really shines as it is very effective internally and since Marine fish are always drinking the water around them, medication is easily transported to the infected area.<br />
In Freshwater, treatment can be improved by soaking food as well and this is still an effective freshwater treatment as well.</p>
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<p><font size="3"><b>USAGE:</b></font><br /><br />
<b>Directions</b> from <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#metronidazole" target="_blank" title="SeaChem Metronidazole, from American Aquarium Products">SeaChem Metronidazole</a>; use 100 mg. for every 10 gallons (40 L).<br />
Repeat every 2 days until symptoms disappear.<br />
Make sure any <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVSterilizers.html" title="Aquarium and Pond UV Sterilizers, Clarifier from the experts since 1978"><b>UV Sterilizer</b></a> (if used) is turned off and any <a href="http://americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPondFilterMaterial.html#carbon2" title="Nirox Premium Pelletized Carbon">carbon</a>, <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#purigen" title="Purigen controls ammonia, nitrites and often hard to control nitrates"><b>Purigen</b></a>, Chemipure or similar chemical filter media is also removed during treatment.<br /><br />
To feed (use as for a medicated food), use 100 mg. with approximately i tablespoon of frozen or dried food (fried food would need to be placed in just a enough water to cover and make wet/moist). Feed until symptoms disappear.<br />
Introduction of Metronidazole to the aquarium water when feeding is OK.<br /><br />
Metronidazole can also be used in a fish bath. This is generally performed at double the "in tank" dose as per amount of water used in this bath. I recommend the use of Methylene Blue and maybe salt during this bath treatment too (once or twice per day for 7-10 days).<br />
See: <font size="3"><a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2009/07/fish-baths.html" title="Fish Baths, Dips, Swabs; Including Coral; For Disease, Ammonia, Treatment"><b>Fish Baths, Dips, Swabs</b></a></font></p>
<p>As with ANY treatment regimen, it is extremely important to follow correct procedures that includes addressing ALL water parameters and stressors (including oxidative stress.<br />
Please read this easy to read article and follow ALL advice given as to proper treatment regimens:<br />
<a href="http://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2016/09/how-to-treat-sick-fish.html" target="_blank"><b>Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish</b></a></p>
<p><font size="3"><b>PRODUCTS CONTAINING METRONIDAZOLE:</b></font><br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#metronidazole" target="_blank" title="SeaChem Metronidazole, from American Aquarium Information"><b>SeaChem Metronidazole, for Purchase</b></a><br />
<i>Recommended source to purchase based on extensive aquarium and pond professional experience dating back to 1978.<br />
SeaChem's Metronidazole is the MOST PURE and easily used form of this antibiotic available to the fish keeping community</i><br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#general" target="_blank" title="Contains Metronidazole & Praziquantel"><b>API General Cure, for Purchase</b></a>
<i>Contains Metronidazole & Praziquantel</i></p>
VIDEO:<br>
<p><a href="https://youtu.be/dDwTw8W7SKE" target="_blank" title="Best Aquarium & Pond Medications"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-WMjPcA7HYdV69yQJ1ATLukF0GdmFAnIB61A97jupoj4BfTy38UR45mKr6pJlmEzX91vZQDxQKTmlqaCnKenddQTQBnt9mMY4J59S0h9nD_HbPxWEVhx6nSLvDbaO3-FnCSSn/s320/AAP+Pro+Medications+Video.JPG" alt="Best Aquarium & Pond Medications" /><br/><b>AAP Professional Aquarium & Pond Medications</b></a><br>
<i>THE BEST AQUARIUM TREATMENTS ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD! Fresh Product found EXCLUSIVELY at AAP</i></p>
<p><i><b>REFERENCES:</b></i><br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumMedication2.html" title="How Medications work, Metronidazole, Kanamycin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Nitrofurazone, more"><b>Aquarium Medications 2; Antibiotics, Antimicrobials</b></a><br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_Medication.html"><b>How Medications Work, and Which Ones to Use and Not to Use</b></a></p>
<p><font size="3">Suggested other aquarium information resources & products:</font></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#spectrogram" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQh3e8sRJMEWG-rG08adrxj-jVk2niVMc94euIug9AtUZmMOW-bP-jyd5JlVg4q63EGiJE-mTcTtBVTFIvWNX6BAw0peEbf3QvMTbAGAiW5bxf2YzF-p4sndROrMOUwTvwOqhyUg/s150/spectrogram-TN.jpg" align="left" hspace="5" alt="AAP Spectrogram Fish Columnaris Treatment"><br/><b>AAP Spectrogram</b></a><br />
THERE IS NO MORE EFFECTIVE treatment for Fish Columnaris!!</p><br/><br /><br />
<p><a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2016/09/how-to-treat-sick-fish.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE628hSYCyfIPHyY_ZarTpo_v70uvKffgdcB4dbORqdUyuwyz4_vnHn24FSx5NfGrI37KS-04JrkIISM6NkOg9iL5UPUDmIoER1XQ-VY8rHGtmjJs6Qzw7kM7Tu3PX9g7FKmZo/s150/Sick+Fish+Cartoon.jpg" alt="Fish Diseases, How to Treat Sick Fish"><br><b>Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish</b></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiTGlG5L5gMbmUY4zkWQk50B23D1b2eAAjbjP2Og4Q-4U3lbSNKsgv0VVaMSBlF-G4rZj4ROOM4m736qHMK_1jwPcanvu4J-KEfrHFb_FnO6P7fIcrb0469Oh5qT8HqHBGBoxfRQ/s320/uvsterilizationbannertn.jpg" alt="Aquarium Metronidazole, UV Sterilizer Use"><br /><b>Aquarium UV Sterilization; How UVC Sterilizers Work</b></a></p>
<p><a href="http://aquariumopinions.com/2013/08/27/purchasing-aquarium-pond-equipment-via-amazon/" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://aquariumopinions.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/amazon-logo-2-tiny.jpg?w=530" align="left" alt="Aquarium Medications, do not purchase at Amazon"><br /><b>Purchasing Aquarium & Pond Equipment via Amazon</b></a><br /><br />
ALSO FROM THE ABOVE WEB SITE:<br />
<a href="https://aquariumopinions.com/2017/06/06/youtube-facebook-for-aquarium-keeping-information/"><b>YouTube & Facebook for Aquarium Keeping Information</b></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3LHi1qGLQzyTk1JxEw1H2YxNRIAwalcKmRAeHf0NlW2zxeqUckZxyeudxRxcznY5bsOjMm34yMCewsK3nLPZYhahg_GiRtTVbYZLXgW6obLKSADAj8TW2Cmc2ERociwAbXO9ipQ/s120/seachemproducts4tn2.jpg" align="left" hsapce="5" alt="Aquarium Metronidazole, SeaChem Products"><br /><br /><b>SEACHEM PRODUCTS</b></a><br />
Some of the best aquarium treatments available.</p><br />
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/MedicatedWonderShell.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf0A0EibZjBL_MzMsCqkcXAQe-rVzfP8Yvr_Xgq6xI1_jMeGLvpLHWnCl3nV9euOqg8L4WSRHL1A_y0e-b0l56NaFAv-rDzcTPxSZXOhZ57bfJzkaN9Z64k0W55RY_N95QKDZP9g/s190/Wonder+Shell+Aquarium.jpg" alt="Wonder Shell"><br><b>AAP Wonder Shells</b></a><br>
<i>The ONLY Authorized online seller of the full line of this unique product. Only FRESH product, not clearance product!!</i></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_heater.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQuiWhN7vJEHXAo0TDrKbf1qvDvZEQB7lMyv3mzMjltvEbbZVGVDce2ZHcY9R02txCay5hgXLtOCgSptht1miUf-D68JOVnv4ZoOCvrvmAb9rYHgtk8K8Sl4xR-msdO3Wqdpbtog/s120/aquariumheaters3tn.jpg" align="left" hspace="5" alt="Aquarium Metronidazole, Heaters"><br /><br /><b>Aquarium Heaters; Submersible Quartz, Titanium</b></a></p><br />
Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31508654.post-83914988305664137132012-04-11T13:42:00.008-07:002019-01-16T14:40:24.032-08:00SeaChem Purigen<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.aquarium-medications.com/2012/04/seachem-purigen.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone></p>
<p>Revised 1/16/19</p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#purigen" target="_blank" title="SeaChem Purigen, from American Aquarium Information"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEircKsDis44EoaD3V5uBpuQjdROXWhn1-_-9LX-zy5Zrs9-33Mou8emc21uUWGH2obvA0MdvE7Ocp0bnNYfnUY2ac4H68EA6Wrd5zXwKKcdZ_MTz9ICQm4r9NPuFFZE54Ph-O4RMA/s1600/Purigen-Treatments.JPG" alt="SeaChem Purigen, Aquarium Filter Media" align="left" hspace="5"></a><b><i>What is SeaChem Purigen?</i></b><br /><br />
First, I will say what Purgien is not; Purigen is NOT a treatment or water conditioner, rather Purigen is a chemical Filtration Product or "Filter Media".<br />
Purigen is a premium synthetic adsorbent that is unlike most other similar filtration products such as <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Filstar.html#biochem" title="API, Rena Bio-Chem Zorb">Bio-Chem Zorb</a> or Boyds Chemi-Pure.<br />
Purigen is not a mixture of <a href="http://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2009/10/activated-carbon.html" title="Use of Carbon in Aquarium">carbons</a>, ion exchangers or adsorbents, rather Purigen is a unique macro-porous synthetic polymer that removes soluble and insoluble impurities from water at a rate and capacity that exceeds all others by over 500%.
<i><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#purigen" title="SeaChem Purigen"><b>Sea Chem Purigen</b></a> controls ammonia, nitrites and often hard to control nitrates by removing nitrogenous organic waste that would otherwise release these harmful compounds, with minimal impact on trace elements</i>.<br /><br />
Purigen possesses enhanced capacity owing to its vast surface area. All other resins on the market are purely spherical extruded beads. These beads remain smooth even under a microscope. Purigen is both spherical and macroreticular. A macroreticular resin is made of two continuous phases, a continuous pore phase and a continuous gel polymeric phase. The polymeric phase is structurally composed of small spherical microgel particles agglomerated together to form clusters, which, in turn, are fastened together at the interfaces and form interconnecting pores. The surface area arises from the exposed surface of the microgel glued together into clusters.<br />
<i>The result is microscopic pores that increase its usable surface area to many times that of a purely spherical resin.</i><br /><br />
The result is that Purigen is the highest capacity organic filtration resin on the market. No other products can compare to its ability to clear and polish yellow or cloudy water to unparalleled clarity. Unlike other products on the market which are simple ion-exchange resins, Purigen is specifically designed to be an organic scavenging resin. When ion-exchange resins are filled to capacity by metals and other contaminants, Purigen® has barely begun to reach its potential.</p>
<p><i><b>ATTRIBUTES OF PURIGEN</b></i><br /><br />
*SeaChem Purigen polishes water to unparalleled clarity and darkens progressively as it is exhausted<br /><br />
*Purigen removes many tannins and other organic water "yellowing" by-products that ordinary carbon or carbon based products cannot (this is especially helpful to use with new driftwood or to lower the "yellow" color of aquarium 2-3 days after introduction of Indian Almond Leaves or Peat).<br />
Purigen has no known effect on bacteria. It takes all the dye of e.g. peat, etc. allowing for more light available for plants.<br /><br />
*Purigen can be combined with Matrix or NPX Bioplastics Nitrate & Phosphate Reducing Polymer for even better results.<br />
However in planted freshwater aquariums, we primarily recommend SeaChem Matrix (as well <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TwoLittleFishies.html" title="NPX Bioplastics Nitrate & Phosphate Reducing Polymer Media, by Two Little Fishies">NPX Bioplastics</a> Nitrate & Phosphate Reducing Polymer is generally intended for Marine aquariums with a Protein Skimmer, although use with Purigen including a planted freshwater aquarium would be an exception).</p>
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyRxurVXeHoU0b72RdxlwDMHZd4gy-dZ6cfKfFsfOd85wOdOqyzzUTSq-8y5ayhUvxmJYefgRwxPv0bREU1YBM2f16uxmJkdCGl1aLFiUysRRci4KHeBhuP6Ci7OSMWf5sGAcUOg/s320/Purigen+Regenerate.JPG" target="_blank" title="SeaChem Purigen Regenerate with Bleach"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBa87qdukHBETGjIux104xciKKZv_8l2iTS2AKNhECTg4NDSnPo5Q12qb8Z6_6z3-_JbwjPbmJMkEJTT5OD6AWQYKu4NjpYM8Ds_LZTi4dgGJHrLaAUUxPMlWV1i4UsklKVicv7A/s320/Purigen+RegenerateTN.jpg" alt="SeaChem Purigen Regenerate with Bleach" align="left" hspace="5"></a>*Sea Chem Purigen is easily renewed by treating with bleach and is designed for both marine and freshwater use.</p>
<p><i><b>Directions;</i></b> Soak in a 1:1 bleach:water solution for 24 hours in a non-metalic container in a well ventilated area and away from children. Rinse well, then soak for 8 hours with a solution containing 2 tablespoons of <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#prime" title="SeaChem Prime"><b>Prime</b></a>, or equivalent <a href="http://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2007/04/aquarium-water-conditioners.html" title="Aquarium or Pond Water Conditioner Information, Reviews">dechlorinator (Water Conditioner)</a> per cup of water (do not use slime coat dechlorinators such as Stress Coat or Novaqua).<br />
Then, rinse well. After this, original color and full activity should now be restored and Purigen is ready for reuse. <br /><br />
TIP: I suggest using De-ionized/distilled water for both the soak and rinse for best results (more important for the soak)<br /><br />
<i>The picture to the above/left show Purigen after a soak in bleach</i></p>
<p><i><b>REFERENCES:</b></i><br />
*<a href="https://www.fishbeginner.info/home/aquarium-gh-kh-ph-chemistry-what-to-know/" target="_blank">Aquarium GH, KH, PH; Chemistry, What to Know</a><br/>
*<a href="https://www.seachem.com/purigen.php" target="_blank">SeaChem.Com; Purigen</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#purigen" target="_blank" title="SeaChem Purigen, from American Aquarium Information"><b>SeaChem Purigen, for Purchase</b></a> (<i>Recommended source to purchase based on extensive aquarium and pond professional experience dating back to 1978</i>)<br /><br />
<p><font size="3">Suggested other aquarium information resources & products:</font></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/MedicatedWonderShell.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf0A0EibZjBL_MzMsCqkcXAQe-rVzfP8Yvr_Xgq6xI1_jMeGLvpLHWnCl3nV9euOqg8L4WSRHL1A_y0e-b0l56NaFAv-rDzcTPxSZXOhZ57bfJzkaN9Z64k0W55RY_N95QKDZP9g/s190/Wonder+Shell+Aquarium.jpg" alt="Wonder Shell"><br><b>AAP Wonder Shells</b></a><br>
<i>The ONLY Authorized online seller of the full line of this unique product. Only FRESH product, not clearance product!!</i><br>
<b>A MUST use when Purigen is employed in an aquarium to maintain Redox Balance</b> as Purigen increases oxidative stress in an aquarium as a side affect of its actions!</p>
<p><a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2016/09/how-to-treat-sick-fish.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE628hSYCyfIPHyY_ZarTpo_v70uvKffgdcB4dbORqdUyuwyz4_vnHn24FSx5NfGrI37KS-04JrkIISM6NkOg9iL5UPUDmIoER1XQ-VY8rHGtmjJs6Qzw7kM7Tu3PX9g7FKmZo/s150/Sick+Fish+Cartoon.jpg" alt="Fish Diseases, How to Treat Sick Fish"><br><b>Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish</b></a></p>
<p>*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" title="UV Sterilizer Use, Information"><b>UV Sterilization for Aquarium or Pond</b></a><br />
<i>This is the most in depth article on the subject of the important use of <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVSterilizers.html" title="Pond or Aquarium UV Sterilizer for Sale">UV Sterilizers</a> for aquarium or <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/ClearPond.html" title="Pond Care Information">pond</a> disease prevention and redox balance.</i><br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html"><b>UV Bulbs; High Efficiency</b></a><br />
Only high efficiency, high output UVC lamps, including some models with patented heat shield that further increases efficiency & output.<br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_Disease.html"><b>A Healthy Aquarium, Disease Prevention</b></a><br />
A an excellent read with proven/tested steps to a healthier aquarium<br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/PowerHeadPump.html#sunsun"><b>SunSun Powerhead Aquarium Pumps</b></a><br />Superior performance and value to more well known brands such as Marineland or Hagen<br /><br />Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31508654.post-2002738009334666962012-03-09T08:23:00.008-08:002019-01-16T14:44:54.813-08:00Erythromycin for Aquarium Fish<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.aquarium-medications.com/2012/03/erythromycin-for-aquarium-fish.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone></p>
Updated 1-16-19</p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#erythromycin"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIuCwyr071NNj7oyVPSuLpMSQOKbSsYdBx9oYok7MGfwdQQK7ipfImCTIDStZsZtxrIth1zIW9mfyXUtoVD7RzEFcQc84QG3qArUzl3JOKIXhoqvRKL1YVpr3qpx3AWqor9_NHRA/s320/apierythromycin2tn.jpg" alt="API Aquarium, Pond, fish Erythromycin, for sale" align="left" hspace="5"></a> Erythromycin is a primarily gram positive antibiotic with a slightly "wider" antimicrobial spectrum to otherwise similar to penicillin.</p>
<p>A popular albeit often incorrectly and over recommended for fish infections.
In humans Erythromycin is often used respiratory tract infections, which of coarse does not exist in fish (gills versus lungs).</p>
<p>During treatment Erythromycin is rapidly absorbed in a microbiologically active form into most tissues and phagocytes found in vertebrates (such as fish). Due to the often resulting high concentration of Erythromycin in phagocytes (white blood cells), Erythromycin is actively transported to the area of infection.<br />
<i>Over use of Erythromycin may result in muscle (including heart) and kidney damage, providing electrolytes, in particular <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/MedicatedWonderShell.html" title="Wonder Shell, Calcium, mineral, electrolyte replacement"><b>calcium</b></a> while treating with Erythromycin can aid in prevention or reversal of this damage</i></p>
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<p><b><i>USE:</i></b><br /><br />
The primary disease pathogens for use of Erythromycin are Staphylococcus and <a href="http://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2009/01/streptococcus-eye-infections.html" title="Streptococcus, Eye Infections in Fish"><b>Streptococcus</b></a> (which often includes many eye and mouth infections of fish).<br />
Occasionally these bacterial pathogens can result in <a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2011/06/betta-fin-rot.html" title="Betta Fish Fin Rot, Treatment and Prevention"><b>fin and tail rot</b></a> as well.</p>
<p>Erythromycin can generally be combined safely with Triple Sulfa for a more wider spectrum treatment (especially for use against Staphylococcus infections).</p>
<p>Another use for Erythromycin is for cloudy aquariums and cyanobacteria blooms, however Erythromycin Sulfate is much more effective for these applications (as well better for fish pathogens) and most Erythromycin (such as API) is not of this form of Erythromycin.<br />
Sometime in 2019, "AAP Professional Aquarium Treatments" will have this preferred form of Erythromycin available for aquarium/pond use again.<br />
Resource: <a href="" target="_blank">AAP Professional Aquarium Treatments</a></p>
<p>Although often recommended for <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Columnaris.html" title="Columnaris infections in fish"><b>Columnaris</b></a> and <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Columnaris.html#fungus" title="Fungus, Saprolegnia in fish"><b>Fish Fungus</b></a>, these are simply INCORRECT uses for Erythromycin.</p>
<p>As with ANY treatment regimen, it is extremely important to follow correct procedures that includes addressing ALL water parameters and stressors (including oxidative stress.<br />
Please read this easy to read article and follow ALL advice given as to proper treatment regimens:<br />
<a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2016/09/how-to-treat-sick-fish.html" target="_blank"><b>Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish</b></a></p>
<p><b>DIAGNOSTIC CHART</b><br />
<i>Please realize diagnostic charts are generalizations with many inaccuracies such as use for <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Columnaris.html#fungus" title="Fungus, Saprolegnia in fish">"true" mouth fungus</a>.<br />
Please click on the picture to enlarge for better view</i><br /><br />
<b>FINALLY:</b> While I strongly recommend the use of a <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVSterilizers.html" title="Aquarium and Pond UV-C Sterilizers, Clarifiers"><b>UV Sterilizer</b></a> both before and after treatment (24/7), use of this device should be discontinued during treatment with Erythromycin.<br /><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAIIqN2iZeqceAKxgOvKwP1CxpvGHrd-8g41vSy51_MW646ETObcjZMKAb60nMIYr-ULgBNBmgtWd1TVg4GpVYZsHhlRTovRpvSceSCGuqMwCxS9VHLturLMRIih_DlJ2xLhIoeQ/s1600/Erythromycin+diagnostic+chart.jpg" title="Aquarium Pharmaceuticals Erythromycin Diagnostic Chart" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJEEBLvoBc-7rtm_zPeLCun450esSoQjMgWCrib0AsXTk9BnJ0qxd3S0czsmEXMGjfe3dH-z7wLk2tzzezgJE5r2-nZz1LBRRDzKx9wIWSbkTq4P-90CMCIgMH3IiPSZaQOLtrdg/s320/Erythromycin+diagnostic+chart-TN.jpg" alt="Aquarium Pharmaceuticals Erythromycin Diagnostic Chart"></a><br /><br />
"API Erythromycin" can be purchased here (A business with professional aquarium medication experience dating back to 1978):<br />
<font size="3"><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#erythromycin" title="Erythromycin for Fish Treatment"><b>API Erythromycin</b></a></font></p>
<p><b><i>Sources:</i></b><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_Medication.html">Aquarium Medications; How They Work</a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumMedication2.html#erythromycin">Aquarium Medications; Antibiotics, Erythromycin</a>
*<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycin" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycin</a><br />
*<a href="https://www.drugs.com/pro/erythrocin.html" target="_blank">https://www.drugs.com/pro/erythrocin.html</a></p>
<p><font size="3">Suggested other aquarium information resources & products:</font></p>
<p><a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2016/09/how-to-treat-sick-fish.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE628hSYCyfIPHyY_ZarTpo_v70uvKffgdcB4dbORqdUyuwyz4_vnHn24FSx5NfGrI37KS-04JrkIISM6NkOg9iL5UPUDmIoER1XQ-VY8rHGtmjJs6Qzw7kM7Tu3PX9g7FKmZo/s150/Sick+Fish+Cartoon.jpg" alt="Fish Diseases, How to Treat Sick Fish"><br><b>Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish</b></a></p>
<p>*For a proven step by step method to reduce the incidence of disease in your aquarium fish:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_Disease.html"><b>Aquarium Fish Disease Prevention; A Healthy Aquarium</b></a><br /><br />
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/SpongeFilter.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaJ8QF-VSreEDZ6bm8PRF2QKE4A8pgIYc27nUNwt8dSxBikYr1IpublgyfnMe_duQg3IoQKpqWMuts4Q1vl3rm_onDAb1AR0hFx-7RoXr7uuFDPAOMWRjYKrNrPxGeFuZ0dhqM/s180/hydrospongedisplaytn.jpg" hspace="5" align="left" alt="Hydro Sponge Filter"><br /><br /><b>AAP Hydro Sponge Filters</b></a><br /><br />
<i>THE PREMIUM Aquarium Sponge Filter with as much as 5 TIMES the bio and mechanical capacity of commonly sold Chinese knock offs!!<br />
Definitely worth the extra $1-3</i></p><br />
*For Replacement UVC Bulbs to keep your <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVSterilizers.html" title="Aquarium and Pond UV Sterilizers for sale">UV Sterilizer</a> (such as a <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/TMCUVSterilizer.html" title="Premium Aquarium and Pond UV Sterilizer">TMC Vecton or Advantage UV</a>) in peak performance, please visit this resource:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVCReplacementLamp.html" title="UV-C Replacement Bulb, Lamps"><b>UV Bulbs</b></a><br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_heater.html"><b>Submersible Quartz & Digital Titanium Heaters</b></a><br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/ViaAqua305.html"><b>Economy Submersible Aquarium, Vivarium, or Terrarium Fountain Pumps</b></a><br />
Pumps ranging from 160, 238, 238 Gallons per Hour (gph)</p><br />Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31508654.post-38961561582778240052011-12-20T10:35:00.010-08:002023-03-22T08:47:40.352-07:00Nitrofurazone, Yellow Powder, Furan 2; For Aquarium, Pond <p>Revised 3/20/23</p>
<p>This article is copied in part courtesy:<br>
<font size="3"><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumMedication2.html" title="Aquarium, Pond Treatment, Nitrofurazone; Furan 2">Aquarium Medications 2, Antibiotics/ Anti-microbials</a></font></p>
<p>Nitrofurazone also known as Nitrofural, is a broad-spectrum bactericidal drug, with some anti-protozoal activity. Nitrofurazone can be used both therapeutically (treatment) and prophylactically (prevention).<br /><br />Nitrofurazone inhibits several bacterial enzymes, especially those involved in the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of glucose and pyruvate.</p>
<p>This antibacterial is effective for control of:<br>
Aeromonas (Symptoms: fish have blisters forming on the skin that are full of a clear to yellowish fluid. The blisters may turn into large sores.), Vibrio and related bacterial species.<br>
AND partly effective <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Columnaris.html" title="Columnaris Identification, Treatment, Prevention, Water Conditions">Flexibacter/Columnaris</a> (Symptoms: Fuzzy, thin, white coating on the body and fins. Looks like a fungus) it works well with Kanamycin (best used in AAP Yellow Powder) for difficult incidences of this pathogen. </p>
<p><a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#betta" title="AAP Nitrofuracin Green, Nitrofurazone Blend, for sale"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgC5QbZZkKoLgv8V2OIkriupvWF6jxozYDZwERphRTxMmISM-ChntoHYp74EpQygE7Vl9IbNfwFYtrY6DYdpuFVfxJUwq6JAjV3NRmgUE2VwVp27hVTT-pqkeKWv9hAkQI9RjeiYgWnJcuNnXpASdZpV1n9HYdxZv6mzeER7n6nsuHg6MiEgQ=s320" alt="Nitrofuracin Green, Nitrofurazone Blend"></a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#furacyn" title="Aquarium Pharmaceuticals Furan 2">Nitrofurazone/ Nitrofural (AAP Yellow Powder)</a> is particularly useful for control of minor topical skin infections of freshwater & marine fish that have not become systemic.<br />
As well, Nitrofurazone is effective for surface skin infections of <a htref="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2009/01/streptococcus-eye-infections.html" title="Streptococcus, Eye Infection if Fish, Aquarium Treatment, Prevention">Streptococcus iniae</a> which may appear as a milky peeling slime.<br>
Effective as well against marine external ulcer disease and some protozoan infestations. For this reason, Nitrofurazone is a good next step treatment for wounds and other topical infections when first step treatments such as Pimafix or Melafix fail.<br />
Nitrofurazone is also useful in treating Furunculosis found in Koi (best treated in a small "kid pool" or bathtub with a seasoned <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/SpongeFilter.html" title="Aquarium Sponge Filters">Sponge Filter</a>).<br><br>
Serious adverse reactions related to general nitrofurans are very rare in aquarium or pond fish. Acquired resistance of bacteria to nitrofurans during therapy has been rare and has not appeared on a significant scale in over 50 years of use.<br />
<i>Do not use in the presence of invertebrates</i>.<br /><br />
<b><font size="3">TIPS</font></b><br /><br />
*Nitrofurazone is more effective at <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumKH.html" title="Aquarium Chemistry">lower pH levels</a>. Nitrofurazone is not Skin absorbed, so use of this Bactericidal for systemic infections is not recommended. <br />
However Aquatronics and myself have found that Nitrofurazone combines well with Kanamycin (which is skin absorbing), and is very complimentary/synergistic to each other when used concurrently since Nitrofurazone is often effective topically for <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Vibrio_Aeromonas.html" title="Aquarium and Pond Aeromonas Infections, Treatment, Prevention">Aeromonas & Furunculosis</a> while Kanamycin is often helpful to be combined for Columnaris.<br>
Since these bacterial infections are often hard to differentiate by the average aquarist, this can be a good combination when unsure.<br><br>
*As noted, Nitrofurazone can be combined with <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html" title="SeaChem Kanamycin Sulfate Anti Bacterial, Fungal">Kanamycin/Kanaplex</a> to make an even more wide spectrum treatment, especially for difficult cases of Columnaris or Aeromonas.<br>
AAP Yellow Powder is currently the best and most effective blend of Nitrofurazone (combining nitrofurazone with acriflavin) and this should be the product of choice for any serious aquarium/fish keeper looking to treat Columnaris, Aeromonas, Vibrio, or Furunculosis..<br>
This blend of AAP Kanaplex and AAP Yellow Powder provides for an easier to use and more importantly, more synergistic and effective combination since these two medications are not used in a somewhat conflicting treatment regimen as in the Kanaplex/Furan 2 combination which is less effective due to the lack of concurrent use and lower grade nitrofurazone lowering the synergistic combination affect. <br><br>
Please also beware that Carl Strohmeyer was the first to bring the nitrofurazone combination to the internet in 2005, however many parasite/plagiarizing websites have copied this method without proper accreditation to known fish guru Carl Strohmeyer.<br>
This is wrong, and sites like this should be avoided as often they use expert sounding names such as "Labs", but in reality are not the true experts with decades of experience professionally and peer recognition for decades of such experience as with Mr. Strohmeyer. Many of these sites often are set as affiliates to shill for Amazon products that are often inferior (as compared to products such AAP Yellow Powder).<br>
It is worthy of note, that some search engines, most notably Bing's AI experiment (which is highly inaccurate and subjective in many if not most searches), will often bring up these shill or spam sites (such as Spruce) over authoritative sites such as American Aquarium Products.<br><br>
<a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#furacyn" target="_blank" title="AAP Yellow Powder, Premium Nitrofurazone blend"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh75orLEGVclyKdLY9JdAXZ-0xraPxDFSnUf57MOPTlAMZOu2eRm9w-ySaYuYn4zjdfuAnVxD3hrc21pxqByD4Ti1sR4w2WPUNcymSpOZxZJ1-U1s2MOiXy4_Wvmq6sHBT5K0z7Pw/s400/yellowpowder.jpg" alt="AAP Yellow Powder, Premium Nitrofurazone blend"></a><br><br><br><br>
<a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#betta" target="_blank" title="AAP Nitrofuracin Green, Synergistic Nitrofurazone, Sulfathiazole Sodium, & Methylene Blue Full Spectrum Treatment"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgC5QbZZkKoLgv8V2OIkriupvWF6jxozYDZwERphRTxMmISM-ChntoHYp74EpQygE7Vl9IbNfwFYtrY6DYdpuFVfxJUwq6JAjV3NRmgUE2VwVp27hVTT-pqkeKWv9hAkQI9RjeiYgWnJcuNnXpASdZpV1n9HYdxZv6mzeER7n6nsuHg6MiEgQ=s170" alt="AAP Nitrofuracin Green, Synergistic Nitrofurazone, Sulfathiazole Sodium, & Methylene Blue Full Spectrum Treatment" align="right"></a>
For Bettas and other smaller long tailed fish such as Guppies, as well as colder water fish such as goldfish or koi, an excellent preventative and treatment of moderate fin/tail infections, as well as ammonia poisoning, loss of color, and listlessness is <a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#betta" target="_blank" title="AAP Nitrofuracin Green, Synergistic Nitrofurazone, Sulfathiazole Sodium, & Methylene Blue Full Spectrum Treatment"><b><i>AAP Nitrofuracin Green</i></b></a>. This product safely blends Synergistic Nitrofurazone, Sulfathiazole Sodium, Methylene Blue, and NaCl.<br><br>
*Nitrofurazone/Kanamycin can be combined with <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#metronidazole" title="AAP, SeaChem Metronidazole Anti Bacterial, Parasitic">Metronidazole</a> for parasitic, fungal, & bacterial infections.<br /><br />
<b>DIAGNOSTIC CHART</b><br /><i>Please realize diagnostic charts are generalizations.<br />Please click on the picture to enlarge for better view</i><br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/triplesulfadiagnosticchart.jpg" target="_blank" title="Aquarium Pharmaceuticals Furan 2 Diagnostic Chart"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1sSiaREpeic4BMOkUBCvCH9KNA2pqS2xIiZJDr06pw7jwUA2CfUs9JluJQEBcnZ-iFabmrafo2JO0qrOfOxJgp1I97n-WpB19BaVOONlk5SkTbvrx0PJ932MMWy8mEoU9uH8iBw/s320/Furan+2+Diagnostic+Chart-TN.jpg" alt="AAP Yellow Powder Effectiveness"></a><br /><br />
"API Furan Two" (Nitrofurazone + Furazolidone) can be purchased here (A business with professional aquarium medication experience dating back to 1978):<br />
<font size="3"><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#furan" title="Aquarium Pharmaceuticals Furan Two"><b>Furan 2</b></a></font><br><br>
OR BETTER, higher quality Nittofuarzone blend that generally only needs 1 or 2 doses:<br>
<font size="3"><a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#furacyn" target="_blank"><b>AAP Yellow Powder; Premium Nitrofurazone Blend</b></a></font></p>
<p>Source for Kanamycin: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#kanaplex" title="SeaChem Kanamycin Sulfate Anti Bacterial">AAP Kanaplex</a></p>
<p><font size="3">Suggested other aquarium information resources & products:</font></p>
<p><a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2016/09/how-to-treat-sick-fish.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE628hSYCyfIPHyY_ZarTpo_v70uvKffgdcB4dbORqdUyuwyz4_vnHn24FSx5NfGrI37KS-04JrkIISM6NkOg9iL5UPUDmIoER1XQ-VY8rHGtmjJs6Qzw7kM7Tu3PX9g7FKmZo/s150/Sick+Fish+Cartoon.jpg" alt="Fish Diseases, How to Treat Sick Fish"><br><b>Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish</b></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Basic_Aquarium_Principles.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSpH1z20kKSIkLClJAnTft1IGdD0FoKTxo9cSmG7YjmLbbUdP0mJkUiO5TaiSLXjMD5i1h-p3C5XPGph4x385G5sivFYCWES7nwd_kSb9gtV4CCCA5K8q-OKL8y4dIse7ke1TQ/s320/freshwaterbasicstn2.jpg" alt="Freshwater Aquarium Care"><br />Freshwater Aquarium Care</a></p>Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31508654.post-12524348428911841492011-08-11T11:22:00.002-07:002021-11-27T09:55:51.337-08:00Triple Sulfa & Sulfathiazole; For Aquarium, Pond<p><script src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like href="https://www.aquarium-medications.com/2011/08/triple-sulfa-for-aquarium-pond.html" send="true" width="350" show_faces="true" font=""></fb:like> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script><g:plusone></g:plusone></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#sulfa" title="Aquarium, Pond Triple Sulfa"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsz2h7bnv8uTYXkdFgGnhBY0M5HQKgiBAc3V-ej6XqZHiJbrGSTHiMrkvxLiYWpGuPCAahDGsy1Dtux47EfDneb1O_y12Cp6ldIxPSqDxTy98NvdAB5guqu0mgWBA0pV4NF5Tshg/s320/apitriplesulfatn.jpg" align="left" alt="Aquarium, Pond Triple Sulfa"></a><br /><br />
This article is copied in part courtesy:<br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumMedication2.html" target="_blank"><b>"Aquarium Medications 2, Antibiotics/ Anti-microbials</b></a><br /><br /><br />
Updated 11/27/21</p>
<p>Sulfas drugs are among the oldest in the medicine and are considered anti-microbials.<br />
Sulfas are bacteriostatic, meaning they inhibit the growth of the bacteria but do not kill them. Sulfas are generally most effective against aerobic gram-negative organisms but are not reliable against aerobic gram-positive bacterium.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#sulfaplex" target="_blank" title="AAP SeaChem Sulfaplex Sulfathiazole"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEXFJHBm5Cbo8CBDzNUE7jQ6WSNc7Qa8WIq3l_dQIdxLuW-tLygqGLuJakUJcWnmYbymVM9u9j31Ckcx1vzOEw5wEKrspYMmJdto2NXqq3xprZaiTtmib-KRC6ZDx3Nky5cKsIrw/s400/SeaChem+SulfaPlex.jpg" alt="AAP SeaChem Sulfaplex Sulfathiazole"></a></center></p>
<p>Sulfa drugs arrest cell growth by inhibiting the synthesis of folic acid, a component required for growth by bacteria. Folic acid is a large molecule and is unable to enter bacterial cells, so the bacteria must synthesize the compound intracellularly. Animal cells are unable to synthesize folic acid and it must be provided in the diet. For this reason sulfa drugs are not toxic to animal cells.</p>
<p>Sulfa drugs are among the oldest in the medicine, the first being a sulfonamide was trade named Prontosil dating back to experiments by Bayer in 1932.<br />
For aquatic use Sulfa are often maligned by many aquarists as not effective or out of date, yet in reality Triple Sulfa often will work where other antibiotics fail and sometimes with less side effects as well (this is not to say Sulfas do not have side effects as they are somewhat toxic, producing blood abnormalities and kidney damage when indiscriminately used). Sulfas also do not tend to be as sensitive to poor use (meaning not following the full treatment regimen).</p>
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<p><b><font size="3">TIPS</font></b><br />
<ul><li>As a broad spectrum primarily gram negative antibacterial medication; <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#sulfa" title="API TRiple Sulfa">Triple Sulfa</a> can be used for fin and tail rot, mouth fungus and collapsed fins, Columnaris, and hemorrhagic septicemia. </li><br />
<li>Triple Sulfa is also useful for fin rot or damaged fins caused by fin nipping.</li><br />
<li>Since Sulfas are more effective at higher pH levels, this can be a good choice for livebearer or goldfish fin rot (as well as any other fish generally kept at a higher pH)</li><br />
<li>Sulfas can also be safely used with other mild broad spectrum parasite/fungal treatments to boost anti bacterial effectiveness,; a good example would be the <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/MedicatedWonderShell.html" title="Treats, Prevents mild Fungus, Saprolegnia, Ich Infections, improves water quality">Medicated Wonder Shell</a>.</li><br />
<li>Sometimes effective when other often first choice gram negative treatments (such as <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#kanaplex" title="SeaChem Kanaplex">Kanamycin</a>) fail.</li><br />
<li>An old standby that is still useful and can be used in combination with Malachite Green (especially effective in combination with MG at ½ strength when treating Ich in scale less fish) or Acriflavin (do not combine with copper sulfate). <br />
As an example, using <a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#sulfaplex" target="_blank" title="Sulfathiazole, Seachem-AAP Sulfaplex">Sulfathiazole (Seachem-AAP Sulfaplex)</a> with <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#paraguard" title="SeaChem ParaGuard Ich Treamtent">AAP ParaGuard</a> or <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#super-ich" title="AAP Super Ich Plus Premium Ich Treamtent">AAP Super Ich Plus</a> will render it safer for sensitive fish such as a Clown Loach.</li><br />
<li>Sulfas are also more effective at higher pH levels, unlike Nitrofurazone, so often a good choice over Nitrofurazone or Nitrofurazone/Kanamycin combinations in lower pH aquariums. For this reason the synergistic combination of Sulfamethazine and Trimethoprim found in Maracyn Plus might be a good alternative when Nitrofurazone/Kanamycin combinations fail.<br />
<i>Please note though; Trimethoprim can lower blood platelets in fish which means any use with fish suffering from any bleeding issues can be much worse, often fatally worse since these platelets ("thrombocytes"), are blood cells whose function is to stop bleeding.<br />Reference: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet" target="_blank">Wikipedia; Platelets</a></i> </li></ul></p>
<p><b>IMPORTANT NOTE:</b> While I strongly recommend the use of a <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/UVSterilizers.html" title="Aquarium and Pond UV-C Sterilizers, Clarifiers"><b>UV Sterilizer</b></a> both before and after treatment (24/7), use of <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumUVSterilization.html" title="UV Sterilizer How To Information">UV-C Sterilization</a> should be discontinued during treatment with Sulfa Drugs.</p>
<p>As with ANY treatment regimen, it is extremely important to follow correct procedures that includes addressing ALL water parameters and stressors (including oxidative stress.<br />
Please read this easy to read article and follow ALL advice given as to proper treatment regimens:<br />
<a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2016/09/how-to-treat-sick-fish.html" target="_blank"><b>Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish</b></a></p>
<p><b>Diagnostic Chart</b><br />
<i>Please realize diagnostic charts are generalizations</i></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/triplesulfadiagnosticchart.jpg" target="_blank" title="Aquarium Pharmaceuticals Triple Sulfa Diagnostic Chart"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvimGie-2iBXem1BoaHzWp_69EDyDe41kClqJxzK1TKhj_73vA1_hXUceZM1kZma3x4wB6qUxUHT1YZoLx99D9FgckW9aXawvTeG7hqygHfGa8jLYo1XqaaJXDyEK6-o2Cv9VllA/s320/Triple+Sulfa+Diagnostic+Chart.jpg" alt="Aquarium Pharmaceuticals Triple Sulfa Diagnostic Chart"></a><br /><br />
Sulfathiazole or Triple sulfa can be purchased here (A business with professional aquarium medication experience dating back to 1978):</p>
<p>
<a href="https://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#sulfaplex" target="_blank" title="Sulfathiazole, Seachem-AAP Sulfaplex"><b>Sulfathiazole (Seachem-AAP Sulfaplex)</b></a> (Superior Blend)<br>
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#sulfa" title="Aquarium Pharmaceuticals Triple Sulfa"><b>AAP/API Triple Sulfa</b></a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquatronics.html#betta" title="AAP Bettamax; Synergistic Nitrofurazone, Methylene Blue, Sulfas Full Spectrum Treatment"><b>AAP Bettamax</b></a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#polyguard" title="AAP PolyGuard contains malachite green, sulfa, quinacrine, and nitrofurazone"><b>AAP PolyGuard</b></a><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/FritzMardelKordon.html#maracyn_plus" title="Fritz Mardel Maracyn Plus"><b>Maracyn Plus (Contains Sulfamethazine and Trimethoprim)</b></a></p><br />
<p><font size="3">Suggested other aquarium information resources & products:</font></p>
<p><a href="https://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2016/09/how-to-treat-sick-fish.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE628hSYCyfIPHyY_ZarTpo_v70uvKffgdcB4dbORqdUyuwyz4_vnHn24FSx5NfGrI37KS-04JrkIISM6NkOg9iL5UPUDmIoER1XQ-VY8rHGtmjJs6Qzw7kM7Tu3PX9g7FKmZo/s150/Sick+Fish+Cartoon.jpg" alt="Fish Diseases, How to Treat Sick Fish"><br><b>Fish Diseases | How to Treat Sick Fish</b></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/MedicatedWonderShell.html"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf0A0EibZjBL_MzMsCqkcXAQe-rVzfP8Yvr_Xgq6xI1_jMeGLvpLHWnCl3nV9euOqg8L4WSRHL1A_y0e-b0l56NaFAv-rDzcTPxSZXOhZ57bfJzkaN9Z64k0W55RY_N95QKDZP9g/s190/Wonder+Shell+Aquarium.jpg" alt="Wonder Shell"><br><b>AAP Wonder Shells</b></a><br>
<i>The ONLY Authorized online seller of the full line of this unique product. Only FRESH product, not clearance product!!</i></p>
<p>If you are looking to expand your planted aquarium or reef lighting and want to know how to determine the best lights, this article is the most researched and regularly updated for this subject available free:<br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_Lighting.html"><b>Aquarium Lighting</b></a><br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumKH.html"><b>Aquarium Chemistry; In depth</b></a><br /><br />
For the best, patented high bio capacity aquarium sponge filters:<br />
*<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/SpongeFilter.html"><b>Sponge Filters</b></a></p><br />Stevenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07518380826976185580noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31508654.post-1153592892691454732006-07-22T11:24:00.001-07:002015-04-11T09:13:43.671-07:00Aquarium medications, treatments, and how they work.This site which is simply a basic first draft of my FULL <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_Medication.html" title="Chemical, Antibiotic, Organic, bacteria, gram positive, negative"> "AQUARIUM MEDICATIONS, treatments, how they work"</a> article. Please refer to that article for more information that is more current and regularly updated.<br /><br />
When you have fish that are sick (bacterial, fungal, protozoan, or other parasites), you want to try and isolate them in a hospital aquarium whenever possible. Regular water changes before each treatment allow for a more effective treatment, especially when treated in the display aquarium. <br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/SpongeFilter.html " target="_blank" title="ATI Aquarium Sponge Filters, hospital filter">Sponge Filters</a> work well in hospital aquariums. Remember to remove carbon, as carbon will remove many medications. Also note that silicone in the aquarium will absorb malachite green , methylene blue, and copper sulfate. Most corals (crushed and otherwise), and ceramic decorations will also absorb medications such as malachite green, methylene blue, and copper sulfate.<br /><br />
Proper "positive charged" calcium levels are important (as well as other electrolytes), as calcium also helps in healing and stress, and without proper calcium levels healing may be difficult or impossible. The addition of antibiotics (such as Tetracycline) will lower calcium absorption.<br />
For more information about calcium, see this article: <a href="http://kh-aquarium.blogspot.com/" target="_blank" title="Calcium, electrolytes, osmoregulation, GH">CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND KH IN AQUARIUMS</a><br />
"Medicated Wonder Shells" deliver medication for ich and fungus treatment and control kH (Calcium) levels.<br /><br />
One more note as to the use of medications to treat aquatic diseases; Make sure all your water parameters are where they should be, if for example your ammonia levels are high, all the medication in the world will not help, in fact they will only exasperate the problem.<br /><br />
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Before ANY treatment, check these parameters and ask yourself these questions:<br /><br />
*Ammonia; this should be 0, if not this should be corrected by water changes, ammonia de-toxifiers such as <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html " target="_blank" title="Seachem Prime water conditioner, de-toxifies ammonia, nitrites, chloramines">Prime (removes chlorine, chloramines, ammonia, nitrite) </a>, improving bio filtration (the best long term solution).<br /><br />
*Nitrites; this also should be 0<br /><br />
*<a href="http://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2007/07/aquarium-nitrates.html" title="Aquarium Nitrates">Nitrates</a>; this should be under 40-50 ppm for most fish, under 15 ppm for reef tanks<br /><br />*kH, Calcium, and electrolytes; for many fish this should be 80 ppm, for goldfish higher, for African Cichlids, Marine much higher (240 ppm +).<br />For more see this article: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumKH.html " title="Aquarium Chemistry">How to maintain a Proper KH, why calcium and electrolytes are important.</a><br />Also see these articles: <br /><a href="http://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2006/12/how-do-fish-drink.html" title="Fish Osmoregulation; RO and Soft Water use in aquarium">Do Fish Drink</a><br /><a href="http://www.aquarium-pond-answers.com/2008/03/salt-in-freshwater-aquariums.html" title="When to use and not use salt in a freshwater aquarium">Salt in Freshwater Aquarium</a><br /><br />*pH; often aquarists worry too much here (a steady KH maintains a stable pH), but if you have fish such as African Cichlids that like a pH above 8.0 (or more depending on species) and your pH is 6.8, you have a problem.<br /><br />*Temperature; is your aquarium the proper temperature?<br /><br />*Filtration; do you have adequate filtration for your size aquarium and bio load? Is it working?<br /><br />PLEASE NOTE, this is a basic Medications article. <br />If you need expanded information about any of these medications or ones that are not even in this article, please see my expanded article: <br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_Medication.html" target="_blank"><b>AQUARIUM MEDICATIONS, Treatments, How they work, and Which Ones to Use and Not to Use</b></a><br /><br /><br /><br />
TRIPLE SULFA (Sulfamerazine, Sulfamethazine, Sulfathiazole):<br /><br />
Sulfas are all antibacterials. These drugs produce are bacteriostatic, meaning they inhibit the growth of the bacteria but do not kill them.<br />Sulfa drugs arrest cell growth by inhibiting the synthesis of folic acid, a component required for growth by bacteria. Folic acid is a large molecule and is unable to enter bacterial cells, so the bacteria must synthesize the compound intracellularly. Animal cells are unable to synthesize folic acid and it must be provided in the diet. For this reason sulfa drugs are not toxic to animal cells.<br /><br />USE: A broad spectrum antibacterial medication, fin and tail rot, mouth fungus and collapsed fins, <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Columnaris.html" title="Columnaris, Fungus in Fish">columnaris</a>, and hemorrhagic septicemia. Also useful for damaged fins caused by fin nipping. An old standby that is still useful and can be used in combination with Malachite Green or Acriflavin (do not combine with copper sulfate). Sulfas are more effective at higher pH levels.<br />DOSAGE: 250 mg per 10 gallons every 24 hours with a 25% water change before each treatment. Treat for a minimum of 10 days.<br /><br /><br />
TETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE:<br /><br />USE: Treatment of bacterial infections mostly gram-positive and some gram-negative infections such as fin and tail rot (split, ragged and deteriorating fin and/or tail), Popeye (protruding eyes, may be cloudy or hazy), gill disease (swollen, discolored gills, gasping for air and a decrease in activity) and secondary infections. It interferes with the production of proteins that the bacteria need to multiply and divide (bacteriostatic). Tetracycline Hydrochloride mode of action is as a protein synthesis inhibitor via an aminoacyl-tRNA binding mechanism to the 30S subunit. Mode of resistance is the loss of cell wall permeability. Note, Tetracycline can lower red blood cell count, because of this I would not use with injured fish.<br /><br />DOSAGE: 250- 500 mg per 20 gallons of water. Every 24 hours with a 25% water change before each treatment. This product will not work in water with a ph above 7.5- NOT FOR MARINE USE!<br /><br /><br />
QUININE SUFATE:<br /><br />
USE: Resistant strains of Ich (especially on scale less fish). Protozoan, sliminess of the skin and Rams disease (whirling disease). Also good for resistant strains of Hexamita when combined with <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#metronidazole" title="SeaChem Metronidazole">Metronidazole</a>.<br />DOSAGE : 250 mg per 10 gallons of water. Once a day for 4-5 days. Do a 25% water change before each treatment.<br /><br /><br />OXYTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE:<br /><br />USE: Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Marine ulcer disease, cold water disease, bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia (Symptoms: Red streaks in body and fins, or redness in the body. Open sores or loss of scales) and mouth fungus. <br /><br />DOSAGE: 250- 500 mg teaspoon per 20 gallons every 24 hours with a 50% water change before each treatment. This antibiotic is best used mixed in with food, especially if your ph is above 8.0.. <br /><br /><br />NITROFURAZONE: <br /><br />USE: Bactericidal for some gram-positive and many gram-negative bacteria causing disease in fresh water and marine fishes. This antibacterial is effective for control of flexibacter/columnaris- (Symptoms: Fuzzy, thin, white coating on the body and fins. Looks like a fungus) -works well with Kanamycin for this, Aeromonas (Symptoms: fish have blisters forming on the skin that are full of a clear to yellowish fluid. The blisters may turn into large sores.), Vibrio and related species. <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#furan" title="Furan 2">Nitrofurazone</a> is particularly useful for control of minor topical skin infections of marine fishes that have not become systemic. Effective against marine ulcer disease and protozoan. Also useful in treating furunculosis found in Koi. <br />
Serious adverse events related to nitrofurans are very rare. Acquired resistance of bacteria to nitrofurans during therapy has been rare and has not appeared on a significant scale in over 50 years of use. Do not use in the presence of invertebrates.<br />Nitrofurazone is more effective at lower pH levels.<br /><br />DOSAGE: 250- 500 mg per 20 gallons. Treat every 24 hours with a 50% water change before each treatment. Treat for 10 days.<br /><br />
<a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Columnaris.html" target="_blank">FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT COLUMNARIS (FLEXIBACTER)</a><br /><br /><br />NEOMYCIN SULFATE:<br /><br />USE: Some Gram-negative bacteria (Some Pseudomonas- Open red sores or ulcerations, fin and tail damage, fins and tail are eaten away, in severe cases, down to the body- treat with Kanamycin for this); gram-positive, and possibly mycobacterium tuberculosis. Works well in freshwater or saltwater aquariums. <br /><br /><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#neoplex" title="SeaChem Neoplex"><b>Neomycin</b></a> is not absorbed by the intestinal tract and IS effective in treatment of diseases thereof. But Neomycin can damage the kidneys as it is nephrotoxic, so this is a poor treatment choice for Dropsy or similar diseases.<br /><br />DOSAGE: 250 mg per 10 gallons of water. Treat every 24 hours with a 25% water change before each treatment. Treat for 10 days. For tuberculosis, use for up to 30 days.<br /><br />
Neomycin is an excellent choice when soaked in foods for 15 minutes for intestinal diseases such as internal <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Vibrio_Aeromonas.html" title="Aeromonas Treatment, Prevention">Aeromonas infections</a>. HOWEVER Neomycin is a poor choice for <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Columnaris.html" title="Columnaris and Fungus, Treatment, Prevention">Columnaris and Fungal Infections</a>, despite some misinformed anecdotal internet information to the contrary.<br />See: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumMedication2.html#neomycin" title="Aquarium Medications, How They Work, Neomycin"><b>Aquarium Medications; Neomycin</b></a><br /><br /><br />METRONIDAZOLE:<br /><br />USE: Hole in the head disease (hexamita), chilodonella, plistophora (parasite disease usually seen in neons and cardinals that causes loss of color, darting, and eventually death), salt water ich (Cryptocaryon), bloat. <br /><br /> DOSAGE: 250-500 mg per 20 gallons. Treat every 24 hours with a 25% water change before each treatment. Treat for 10 days.<br /><br /><br />KANAMYCIN SULFATE;<br /><br />USE: It is used to treat many sensitive gram–negative and some gram–positive bacteria. Works especially well in salt water aquariums. Works well combined with Nitrofurazone for flexibacter (columnaris) (Symptoms: Fuzzy, thin, white coating on the body and fins. Looks like a fungus). Also useful for Pseudomonas-Open red sores or ulcerations, fin and tail damage, fins and tail are eaten away, in severe cases, down to the body. Kanamycin is very effective in high pH applications, especially Vibrio, making it useful for brackish and marine treatments.<br />Kanamycin can be effective for whirling disease , suspected kidney disease and dropsy. <br /><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#kanaplex" title="SeaChem Kanaplex">Kanamycin sulfate</a> appears to prevent bacteria from making their cell walls, so the cells die.<br />DOSAGE: 250-500 mg per 20 gallons. Treat every 48 hours with a 25% water change before each treatment. Treat for 10 days.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Vibrio_Aeromonas.html" target="_blank">FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT IDENTIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF AEROMONAS, VIBRIO, & SEPTICEMIA</a><br /><br /><br /><br />
ERYTHROMYCIN: <br /><br />
USE: Fin and tail rot, infections attributed to kidney disease (often not true kidney infections), pop eye. Most gram-positive and some gram negative bacteria and fungus. Neon Tetra disease (faded color). Black Molly disease. <br />
DOSAGE: 250- 500 mg per 20 gallons every 24 hours with a 25% water change before each treatment. Treat for 10 days.<br /><br />TRICHLORFON (Dylox)<br />Dimethyl (2,2,2,Trichloro-1-Hydroxyethyl) Phosphonate: <br /><br />Trichlorfon is an Organophosphate and degrades rapidly (approximately 99% of applied degraded in 2 hours) in alkaline pond water (pH 8.5) at room temperature. But remains stable in the same pond water held under acidic (pH 5.0) conditions for 2 hours.<br />Trichlorfon is very highly toxic to invertebrates.<br />DO NOT USE ON FISH THAT ARE CHEMICALLY SENSITIVE such as: Silver Dollars, Rays, Bala Sharks, Arowanas, Tinfoil Barbs, Hemiodus, Piranha, Most Silver Scaled Fish, Marine sharks, Lion Fish.<br />
See methylene blue if Dylox treatment is not available or viable<br /><br />USE: Trichlorfon is useful for treatment of: Hydra, Lernia (Anchor Worms), Parasitic Copepods, Monodigenetic and Digenetic Flukes, Fish Lice (Argulus), Leeches <br />CLOUT contains Trichlorfon (Dimethyl (2,2,2,Trichloro-1-Hydroxyethyl) Phosphonate), as well as; 4-[P-(dimethylamino)-O-phenylbenzylidene]-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-xylidene dimethylammonium chloride, 1,2,dimethyl-5-nitroimidazole <br />DOSAGE: There is no recommended dosage (other than Freshwater fish acute toxicity= 1.6-180 ppm), refer to manufacturers directions for all products containing Trichlorfon.<br /><br /><br />PENICLLIN, AMPICILLAN;<br /><br />USE: Belonging to the group of beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin is able to penetrate Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria.<br />Even though this a commonly used antibiotic family in humans and other warm blooded animals, this is a family of antibiotics that has shown to be generally useless in fish. About the only effectiveness comes in the treatment of some fungal eye infections. All medications, antimicrobials, antibiotics, chemotherapeutics work differently in differently in different organisms, even if the processes are similar. An example I often use is for Quinine Sulfate; this is a generally safe and effective treatment for fish, but not at all for invertebrates.<br /><br /><br /><br />
ISONIAZID 300 mg: <br /><br />
USE: Treatment for tuberculosis (Symptoms: the fish have been sick for several months. The fish is lethargic, anorexic, has fin or scale loss and a sunken stomach) in susceptible fish such as Discus. Can be combined with Kanamycin. <br />This is a difficult disease to treat (in fact nearly impossible), as treatment can go on for more than a month.<br />Also note that this is caused by a very similar bacterium in human TB, but is not the same, and the only danger to humans is to a open wound exposed to the bacterium, which then only causes a localized rash.<br /><br />DOSAGE: 1 tablet per 20 gallons, every other day for 14- 30 days<br /><br /><br />
METHYLENE BLUE (Zinc Free) 2.303% :<br /><br />USE: Fungus on eggs, Ich, fungus and some bacteria. Effective in gill disease. Transports oxygen. Some protozoa, sliminess of the skin and oodinium. Great for use as a 30 minute dip at double dose. <br />Great when used as a dip for topical treatment of parasites, bacterial, and fungal infections. When dylox is not available, this can a useful treatment for anchor worm (especially in goldfish); first carefully remove the anchor worm with tweezers, then dip the affected fish in Methylene blue. When used with a UV sterilizer to kill the swimming stage of the female anchor worm (the female is the parasite), this can be an effective treatment. (Tank can also be treated with Malachite green or malachite green combination during this time for improved effectiveness).<br />Also useful as a dip for ammonia and nitrite poisoning. <br /><br />DOSAGE: 1 teaspoon of a 2.303% solution per 10 gallons every other day for 10 days with water changes before each treatment. BEST USED IN A HOSPITAL TANK. Methylene blue can destroy nitrifying bacteria and plants in the display aquarium.<br /><br /><br />ACRIFLAVIN HYDROCHLORIDE 3.84% solution:<br />USE: An antiseptic agent for the skin and mucous membranes. It is known to inhibit mitochondriogenesis. Generally used treatment of mild bacterial and fungal infections such as mouth fungus, fin and tail rot, fungus, saproglenia; skin parasites such as oodinium (velvet), sliminess of skin, and ich (although a very mild treatment for ich, FW or SW)<br />DOSAGE: 1 teaspoon of a 3.84% solution per 10 gallons every other day for 10 days. Combines well with copper sulfate and malachite green. <br /><br /><br />MALACHITE GREEN; <br /><br />USE: For treatment and control of various external parasites of freshwater and marine fishes. When used as directed the medication will control or prevent the following common protozoan parasites: <br />*Ichthyophthinus (freshwater Ich) exhibited as fine “salt like” white spots that usually first appear on the fins. <br />*Costia (Ichthyobodo). Not to be confused with ich, is a parasite that can live dormant on healthy fish (primarily their gills), then under certain conditions (poor water conditions, stress, ECT), reproduce rapidly. Symptoms of an outbreak include Heavy and labored “breathing” flashing and rubbing, skin cloudiness caused by excess mucus. <br />*Chilodonella, *Ambiphyra, *Cryptocaryon (marine Ich), *Epistylis, *Oodinium and Trichodina, *Plistophora (best combined with formalin at 1/2 strength)<br />Malachite Green is also effective against common external fungal infections of fishes and eggs which include Achlya and Saprolegnia. <br />DOSAGE: 1 teaspoon of a 0.038% solution per 10 gallons every other day for 10-14 days. Or 1 drop of .50% solution per gallon every other day for 10- 14 days. 25% water changes are recommended before each dose. Use half dose for scale-less and delicate fish such as Clown Loaches and Neon Tetras. Double dose for marine aquariums. <br />Note; malachite green is more toxic at higher ph.<br />Can be combined with Formalin or Acriflavin.<br /><br />Two excellent products with malachite green are:<br /><a href= "http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html"target="_blank">ParaGuard </a> and <a href= "http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Quickcure.html"target="_blank">Quick Cure</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_Ich.html" target="_blank">FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT AQUARIUM ICH</a><br /><br /><br />FORMALIN (3% formaldehyde): <br /><br />USE: For treatment and control of the diseases caused by fungi, protozoan and monogenetic trematodes of freshwater and marine aquarium fishes. Formalin will control or help prevent diseases of fishes caused by the following disease organisms: *Ichthyophthirius (freshwater "ich"), *Costia (Ichthyobodo), *Chilodonella, *Ambiphyra, *Cryptocaryon (marine "ich"), *Epistylis, *Oodinium, *Amyloodinium, and *Trichodina. <br /><br />DOSAGE: 1 teaspoon of a 3% solution per 10 gallons every other day for 10 days. Combines well with malachite green. <br />Formalin can deplete oxygen in an aquarium, so consider adding an air stone or a power head with an air diffuser. <br /><br />An a excellent product with formalin and malachite green is <br /><br /><br />COPPER SULFATE (& Other Copper Products):<br /><br />USE: For treatment freshwater and marine ich, Oodinium, external parasites, fungus and even algae. Very effective when used properly and carefully.<br /><br />DOSAGE: Treat according to your solution to bring your copper level to .15 -.25 ppm.<br /> <br />Sequestered Copper (often called chelated, but that is incorrect, chelated means inactivated) sulfate works best (citric acid help achieve this). Soluble copper salts work well in freshwater only. Do use with snails and other invertebrates, do not use in reef aquariums, and note; when uses as an algaecide, the copper is absorbed by the algae then released when it dies. Removal of sequestered copper can be difficult, only EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acidic Acid) and water changes remove it, NOT carbon.<br />The advantage of this stabilized form of copper is generally only one treatment is necessary.<br /><a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Quickcure.html#copper" title="stabilized copper effectively treats external parasites"><b>Mardel Copper Safe</b></a> is a good example of this type of copper treatment<br /><br />Ionic Copper as in <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Seachem.html#cupramine" title="Ionic Copper Aquarium Parasite Treatment">SeaChem Cupramine</a> is the safest copper formula and the easiest to extract from an aquarium once treatment is finished<br /><br />For an effective treatment for ich, fungus, and especially Velvet, <a href= "http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/MedicatedWonderShell.html"target="_blank"> Medicated Wonder Shells</a> are extremely for Velvet in particular as they have three of the most effective ingredients for the treatment of Velvet; Copper Sulfate, Acriflavin, & Methylene Blue. They also add electrolytes and calcium, essential for proper healing.<br /><br /><br />
ORGANIC MEDICATIONS:<br />There are three organic or “homeopathic” treatments that I have used;<br /><br />PIMENTA EXTRACT (<a href=http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html" target="_blank">PIMAFIX</a>); <br /><br />
USE: Pimenta extract is effective for a broad range of bacterial and fungal diseases that typically afflict fish and other aquatic animals. Fish diseases that may be treated in accordance with this include bacterial fish diseases, such as fin and tail rot, mouth fungus (often caused by the bacterium Flavobacterium columnaris); fungal fish diseases (such as those caused by microorganisms of the genera Saprolegnia and Achyle) and the like.<br />Pimenta Extract has shown to be more effective against gram negative bacterial infections which are more common in aquatic infections. This generally makes Pimafix a better choice over Melafix, although they can be combined.<br /><br />
DOSAGE: Refer to Pimafix instructions<br /><br />USNEA LICHEN;<br /><br />
USE; Usnea is a lichen of the family Parmeliaceae that grows in damp temperate woodlands.<br />I have found it effective for bacterial (gram positive and gram negative), fungal and even parasites such ich. This remedy is still in the testing phase, but early results are promising. The Usnea Lichen is proving to be the most effective natural remedy early in my testing <br />This lichen is boiled like a tea then added to the aquarium.<br /><br />DOSAGE: None established yet. I boil one small sprig in 6 oz. of water and add this to every 10-20 gallons of water every day until cure is effective +2 days<br /><br />FOR MUCH MORE UP TO DATE INFORMATION ABOUT USNEA (which has shown promise in lab and aquatics test for Lymphocystis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and some parasites), as well as where to obtain Usnea, please click below:<br /><A href=" http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_Medication.html " target=_blank> <IMG SRC="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/usnea2.jpg " BORDER="1" HEIGHT="126" WIDTH="100"> AQUARIUM MEDICATIONS; USNEA</A> <br /><br /><br />
MELALUCA TEA (MELAFIX):<br /> <br />USE: Repairs damaged fins, ulcers, and open wounds.<br />Promotes re growth of damaged tissue and fins. <br />Basically <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumPharmaceuticalsAPI.html#melafix" title="API Melafix">Melafix</a> should be used as you would an antiseptic such as Bactine in humans; as a topical first aid treatment, NOT for serious infections!<br />See: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/AquariumMedication4.html" title="Melafix, Pimafix, Usnea, Herbal Ich Attack, Naphthoquinones">Aquarium Medications #4</a> for more about Melafix.<br /><br />Melaluca tends to be more effective against gram positive bacteria, which are less common in aquatic diseases, making Melafix a lesser choice to Pimafix which is more effective against gram negative bacteria (however they can be combined)<br /><br />DOSAGE: Refer to Melafix instructions<br /><br /><br /><font face="New Times Roman" color="#008080" size="2"><strong>This is just a VERY basic first draft of my MUCH more in depth and more updated Aquatic Medications and Treatments article!<br /><br />For much more information about aquarium medication (more antibiotics), please visit this article: <a href="http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Aquarium_Medication.html" target="_blank">AQUARIUM MEDICATIONS; How they work, and which ones to use and not to use. Also Bacteria gram negative and positive facts</a> <br />
This article has more medications and more about each one, including:<br />TRIPLE SULFA,<br/>TETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE, <br/>
MINOCYCLINE, <br/>QUININE SUFATE, <br/>OXYTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE, <br/> NITROFURAZONE, <br/>NEOMYCIN SULFATE, <br/>METRONIDAZOLE, <br/> KANAMYCIN SULFATE, <br/> ERYTHROMYCIN, <br/>TRICHLORFON, <br/>INTERNAL PARASITE MEDICATIONS; Piperazine, Praziquantel, and Levamisol <br/> ISONIAZID, <br/>PENICILLIN, AMPICILLAN, <br/>NALADIXIC ACID, <br/>METHYLENE BLUE, <br/> MEBROMIN, <br/>ACRIFLAVIN HYDROCHLORIDE, <br/>MALACHITE GREEN, <br/> FORMALIN, <br/> COPPER SULFATE, <br/>PIMENTA EXTRACT, <br/> MELALUCA TEA, <br/>USNEA LICHEN (Usnic Acid)</strong></font>Carlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08990418413388950446noreply@blogger.com6